Chapter 12
Bhakti Yoga — Devotion, Practice and EquanimityBhakti Yoga — Devotion, Practice and Equanimity
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Original / source text
अर्जुन उवाच
एवं सततयुक्ता ये भक्तास्त्वां पर्युपासते । ये चाप्यक्षरमव्यक्तं तेषां के योगवित्तमाः ॥१२.१॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Arjuna asks: Among those who worship you with continual devotion and those who contemplate the imperishable, unmanifest reality, who are more accomplished in yoga?
Roman reading
evam satatayuktaa ye bhaktaastvaam paryupaasate | ye chaapyaksharamavyaktam teshaam ke yogavittamaah ||12.1||evaṃ satatayuktā ye bhaktāstvāṃ paryupāsate | ye cāpyakṣaramavyaktaṃ teṣāṃ ke yogavittamāḥ ||12.1||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Arjuna contrasts devotion directed toward Krishna with contemplation of the imperishable, unmanifest reality. The question concerns the manner of approaching the divine, not merely competing labels for belief. Krishna’s response will acknowledge both while considering the demands each places on embodied practitioners.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अर्जुन यहाँ दो साधना-मार्गों की तुलना कर रहा है: व्यक्त रूप में ईश्वर के प्रति भक्ति और निराकार, अव्यक्त सत्य का चिंतन। उसका प्रश्न केवल मतभेद का नहीं, साधक के लिए उचित मार्ग चुनने का है। कृष्ण का उत्तर दोनों को स्थान देता है, पर साधना की व्यावहारिक कठिनाई पर भी ध्यान देता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
मय्यावेश्य मनो ये मां नित्ययुक्ता उपासते । श्रद्धया परयोपेतास्ते मे युक्ततमा मताः ॥१२.२॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Krishna says: Those who place their minds in me, worship me with steady commitment, and are endowed with deep faith are, in my view, most fully united in yoga.
Roman reading
mayyaaveshya mano ye maam nityayuktaa upaasate | shraddhayaa parayopetaaste me yuktatamaa mataah ||12.2||mayyāveśya mano ye māṃ nityayuktā upāsate | śraddhayā parayopetāste me yuktatamā matāḥ ||12.2||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna praises devotion marked by sustained attention and trust, not a passing surge of emotion. Faith here works together with discipline: the devotee repeatedly directs mind and life toward the divine. The judgment is made within the context of Arjuna’s question about spiritual practice.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
कृष्ण भक्ति को केवल भावुकता नहीं मानते। मन का एकाग्र होना, साधना की निरंतरता और श्रद्धा—ये तीनों यहाँ महत्त्वपूर्ण हैं। “युक्ततम” का आशय इस संवाद में ऐसे साधक से है जिसका जीवन और ध्यान अपने आराध्य की ओर संगठित हो गया है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
ये त्वक्षरमनिर्देश्यमव्यक्तं पर्युपासते । सर्वत्रगमचिन्त्यं च कूटस्थमचलं ध्रुवम् ॥१२.३॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Those who contemplate the imperishable—indescribable, unmanifest, all-pervading, beyond thought, unchanging, unmoving and enduring—
Roman reading
ye tvaksharamanirdeshyamavyaktam paryupaasate | sarvatragamachintyam cha kootasthamachalam dhruvam ||12.3||ye tvakṣaramanirdeśyamavyaktaṃ paryupāsate | sarvatragamacintyaṃ ca kūṭasthamacalaṃ dhruvam ||12.3||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
This verse begins a sentence completed in 12.4. The accumulation of attributes prevents the unmanifest from being mistaken for an ordinary object. Kūṭastha especially suggests stability amidst what changes; the verse describes the contemplative object rather than prescribing a ritual.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह श्लोक अगले श्लोक से मिलकर पूरा वाक्य बनाता है। अव्यक्त की अनेक विशेषताएँ दी गई हैं ताकि उसे किसी सीमित वस्तु या आकार से न समझा जाए। “कूटस्थ” वह है जो परिवर्तनशील अनुभवों के बीच स्वयं स्थिर रहता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
संनियम्येन्द्रियग्रामं सर्वत्र समबुद्धयः । ते प्राप्नुवन्ति मामेव सर्वभूतहिते रताः ॥१२.४॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
By restraining the senses, maintaining even-mindedness everywhere, and delighting in the welfare of all beings, these practitioners reach me as well.
Roman reading
samniyamyendriyagraamam sarvatra samabuddhayah | te praapnuvanti maameva sarvabhootahite rataah ||12.4||saṃniyamyendriyagrāmaṃ sarvatra samabuddhayaḥ | te prāpnuvanti māmeva sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ ||12.4||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna affirms that contemplatives of the unmanifest also reach him. Their discipline includes self-restraint, impartiality, and concern for the well-being of every being. The connection between inner contemplation and outward responsibility is central to this answer.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
पिछले श्लोक में बताए गए अव्यक्त-उपासक यहाँ स्पष्ट होते हैं। कृष्ण उनकी साधना को अस्वीकार नहीं करते: उनका लक्ष्य भी वही परम सत्य है। समबुद्धि और सर्वभूतहित इस मार्ग को केवल एकांत का विचार नहीं रहने देते; करुणामय आचरण को उससे जोड़ते हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
क्लेशोऽधिकतरस्तेषामव्यक्तासक्तचेतसाम् । अव्यक्ता हि गतिर्दुःखं देहवद्भिरवाप्यते ॥१२.५॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Those whose minds cling to the unmanifest encounter greater difficulty, for embodied beings find the unmanifest goal hard to attain.
Roman reading
klesho’dhikatarasteshaamavyaktaasaktachetasaam | avyaktaa hi gatirduhkham dehavadbhiravaapyate ||12.5||kleśo’dhikatarasteṣāmavyaktāsaktacetasām | avyaktā hi gatirduḥkhaṃ dehavadbhiravāpyate ||12.5||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The statement evaluates difficulty, not the truth or worth of the unmanifest path. Human attention usually works through perceptible forms and relationships; sustained contemplation without such supports can be demanding. Krishna now explains how devoted action can offer an accessible discipline.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह दूसरे मार्ग को असत्य कहने का कथन नहीं है। शरीर, अनुभूति और संबंधों से जुड़ा मन निराकार तत्त्व पर स्थिर रहना कठिन पा सकता है। कृष्ण इस मानवीय कठिनाई को स्वीकार कर साकार भक्ति को एक सुगम आधार के रूप में प्रस्तुत करते हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
ये तु सर्वाणि कर्माणि मयि संन्यस्य मत्पराः । अनन्येनैव योगेन मां ध्यायन्त उपासते ॥१२.६॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
But those who regard me as their supreme aim, dedicate all their actions to me, and worship me through single-minded meditation—
Roman reading
ye tu sarvaani karmaani mayi samnyasya matparaah | ananyenaiva yogena maam dhyaayanta upaasate ||12.6||ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya matparāḥ | ananyenaiva yogena māṃ dhyāyanta upāsate ||12.6||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The sentence continues in 12.7. Offering actions does not require abandoning ordinary responsibilities: it reframes their purpose and loosens possessive identification with their results. Devotion is thus integrated with work as well as meditation.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह श्लोक अगले श्लोक में मिलने वाले आश्वासन का आरंभ है। “कर्म संन्यस्य” का अर्थ यहाँ जिम्मेदारियाँ छोड़ देना नहीं, बल्कि कर्म को अहंकारी स्वामित्व से मुक्त कर समर्पित करना है। भक्ति इस प्रकार जीवन के कार्यों और ध्यान को जोड़ती है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
तेषामहं समुद्धर्ता मृत्युसंसारसागरात् । भवामि नचिरात्पार्थ मय्यावेशितचेतसाम् ॥१२.७॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
O Pārtha, for those whose minds are absorbed in me, I become their deliverer, before long, from the ocean of mortal existence and recurring birth.
Roman reading
teshaamaham samuddhartaa mrityusamsaarasaagaraat | bhavaami nachiraatpaartha mayyaaveshitachetasaam ||12.7||teṣāmahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyusaṃsārasāgarāt | bhavāmi nacirātpārtha mayyāveśitacetasām ||12.7||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The “ocean of saṃsāra” is a traditional image of bondage within mortality and repeated becoming. Krishna promises liberating grace to the devoted, not guaranteed relief from every worldly setback on a measurable timetable. The verse adds divine support to the devotee’s own commitment.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
संसार-सागर जन्म-मरण तथा बंधन का पारंपरिक रूपक है। कृष्ण अपनी अनुग्रहकारी भूमिका बताते हैं; इसे किसी निश्चित सांसारिक परिणाम या समय-सीमा की गारंटी के रूप में नहीं पढ़ना चाहिए। भक्ति में साधक के प्रयास के साथ ईश्वरीय आश्रय का भाव जुड़ता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
मय्येव मन आधत्स्व मयि बुद्धिं निवेशय । निवसिष्यसि मय्येव अत ऊर्ध्वं न संशयः ॥१२.८॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Set your mind on me alone and direct your understanding toward me; then you will abide in me—of this there is no doubt.
Roman reading
mayyeva mana aadhatsva mayi buddhim niveshaya | nivasishyasi mayyeva ata oordhvam na samshayah ||12.8||mayyeva mana ādhatsva mayi buddhiṃ niveśaya | nivasiṣyasi mayyeva ata ūrdhvaṃ na saṃśayaḥ ||12.8||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna calls for both mind and discernment to be oriented toward the divine. Bhakti is not presented as emotion divorced from understanding. The following verses acknowledge that such steadiness may be difficult and offer more gradual ways to cultivate it.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
कृष्ण मन के साथ बुद्धि का भी उल्लेख करते हैं। भक्ति केवल भावनाओं की दिशा नहीं, समझ और निर्णय की दिशा भी तय करती है। अगली पंक्तियों में वे यह भी स्वीकार करेंगे कि मन को एकदम स्थिर करना हर साधक के लिए सरल नहीं होता।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अथ चित्तं समाधातुं न शक्नोषि मयि स्थिरम् । अभ्यासयोगेन ततो मामिच्छाप्तुं धनंजय ॥१२.९॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Dhanañjaya, if you cannot hold your mind steadily in me, seek to reach me through the discipline of repeated practice.
Roman reading
atha chittam samaadhaatum na shaknoshi mayi sthiram | abhyaasayogena tato maamichchhaaptum dhanamjaya ||12.9||atha cittaṃ samādhātuṃ na śaknoṣi mayi sthiram | abhyāsayogena tato māmicchāptuṃ dhanaṃjaya ||12.9||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna does not condemn a restless mind. Instead, he recommends abhyāsa: returning attention repeatedly and nurturing steadiness through a consistent discipline. Spiritual growth is allowed to be gradual rather than immediate.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यहाँ कृष्ण साधक की असमर्थता पर दोष नहीं लगाते। वे एक व्यावहारिक विकल्प देते हैं: बार-बार ध्यान को लौटाना और नियमित साधना करना। अभ्यास का महत्त्व इसी में है कि स्थिरता धीरे-धीरे विकसित हो सकती है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अभ्यासेऽप्यसमर्थोऽसि मत्कर्मपरमो भव । मदर्थमपि कर्माणि कुर्वन्सिद्धिमवाप्स्यसि ॥१२.१०॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
If even sustained practice is beyond you, let work done for me become your priority; performing actions for my sake, you too will move toward fulfilment.
Roman reading
abhyaase’pyasamartho’si matkarmaparamo bhava | madarthamapi karmaani kurvansiddhimavaapsyasi ||12.10||abhyāse’pyasamartho’si matkarmaparamo bhava | madarthamapi karmāṇi kurvansiddhimavāpsyasi ||12.10||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
When meditation feels inaccessible, dedicated action remains possible. “For my sake” invokes an offering of motive, not a license to excuse harmful behaviour by giving it a sacred label. The verse makes service and responsibility part of the path.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह साधना की अगली सीढ़ी है: ध्यान में स्थिर न रह पाने वाला व्यक्ति अपने कर्मों की दिशा बदल सकता है। “मेरे लिए” का आशय समर्पण से है, किसी भी कार्य को धार्मिक नाम देकर उचित ठहराने से नहीं। कर्म का नैतिक स्वरूप और उसका उद्देश्य दोनों महत्त्वपूर्ण रहते हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अथैतदप्यशक्तोऽसि कर्तुं मद्योगमाश्रितः । सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं ततः कुरु यतात्मवान् ॥१२.११॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
If you cannot manage even this, take refuge in my yoga and, with self-mastery, relinquish attachment to the fruits of every action.
Roman reading
athaitadapyashakto’si kartum madyogamaashritah | sarvakarmaphalatyaagam tatah kuru yataatmavaan ||12.11||athaitadapyaśakto’si kartuṃ madyogamāśritaḥ | sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān ||12.11||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The graded instruction now turns to relinquishing possessive attachment to outcomes. This does not erase planning, accountability or concern for consequences. Rather, it limits the hold that anticipated rewards and fears exert over purposeful action.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
कृष्ण अभ्यास और सेवा के बाद फल-त्याग को भी एक उपलब्ध मार्ग बताते हैं। फल-त्याग का अर्थ योजना, उत्तरदायित्व या परिणामों की चिंता पूरी तरह छोड़ देना नहीं है; इसका अर्थ फल पर अहंकारी पकड़ ढीली करना है। यह शिक्षा दूसरे अध्याय के कर्मयोग से जुड़ती है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
श्रेयो हि ज्ञानमभ्यासाज्ज्ञानाद्ध्यानं विशिष्यते । ध्यानात्कर्मफलत्यागस्त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम् ॥१२.१२॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Understanding surpasses mere repetition, meditation deepens understanding, and relinquishing the fruits of action is held above meditation; from such relinquishment peace follows without delay.
Roman reading
shreyo hi jnaanamabhyaasaajjnaanaaddhyaanam vishishyate | dhyaanaatkarmaphalatyaagastyaagaachchhaantiranantaram ||12.12||śreyo hi jñānamabhyāsājjñānāddhyānaṃ viśiṣyate | dhyānātkarmaphalatyāgastyāgācchāntiranantaram ||12.12||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
This ranking is best read with the graded counsel of 12.8–12.11. Practice, insight and meditation are meaningful insofar as they loosen grasping. The peace of tyāga concerns the release of possessive insistence, not a promise that difficult circumstances will instantly disappear.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
इस क्रम को पूरे अध्याय से अलग कर कठोर प्रतियोगिता नहीं बनाना चाहिए। कृष्ण दिखाते हैं कि अभ्यास, समझ और ध्यान अंततः आसक्ति कम करने में फलित हों। जब फल की जकड़न घटती है, मन को अपेक्षाकृत तत्काल शांति मिल सकती है; यह न तो हर समस्या के समाप्त होने का वादा है न हर साधक के अनुभव का एक ही क्रम।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अद्वेष्टा सर्वभूतानां मैत्रः करुण एव च । निर्ममो निरहंकारः समदुःखसुखः क्षमी ॥१२.१३॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
One who hates no creature, is friendly and compassionate, free from possessiveness and ego, balanced in pleasure and pain, and forgiving—
Roman reading
adveshtaa sarvabhootaanaam maitrah karuna eva cha | nirmamo nirahamkaarah samaduhkhasukhah kshamee ||12.13||adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca | nirmamo nirahaṃkāraḥ samaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī ||12.13||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The sentence concludes in 12.14. Devotion now becomes visible as character: kindness, non-hatred, humility, and the ability to respond without being ruled by pleasure or hurt. Compassion does not require approving injustice; it shapes how one responds to it.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह श्लोक अगले श्लोक के साथ पूरा वाक्य बनाता है और प्रिय भक्त के गुणों का परिचय देता है। भक्ति की कसौटी केवल पूजा की विधि नहीं, दूसरे जीवों के साथ व्यवहार भी है। करुणा और क्षमा को अन्याय की चुप स्वीकृति समझना भी सही नहीं; वे द्वेषरहित विवेकपूर्ण आचरण का आधार हो सकती हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
संतुष्टः सततं योगी यतात्मा दृढनिश्चयः । मय्यर्पितमनोबुद्धिर्यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः ॥१२.१४॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
A devotee who remains content, disciplined and resolute, whose mind and understanding are offered to me, is dear to me.
Roman reading
samtushtah satatam yogee yataatmaa dridhanishchayah | mayyarpitamanobuddhiryo madbhaktah sa me priyah ||12.14||saṃtuṣṭaḥ satataṃ yogī yatātmā dṛḍhaniścayaḥ | mayyarpitamanobuddhiryo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||12.14||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The compassion described in 12.13 is joined here to steadiness and dedication. Contentment need not mean inactivity, and firm resolve need not become rigidity. Krishna portrays devotion as a stable orientation of thought, effort, and conduct.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
पिछले श्लोक में बताए नैतिक गुण यहाँ साधना की स्थिरता से जुड़ते हैं। संतोष का अर्थ निष्क्रियता नहीं और दृढ़निश्चय का अर्थ जिद नहीं है। ऐसा भक्त परिस्थिति बदलने पर भी अपनी मूल प्रतिबद्धता बनाए रखने का अभ्यास करता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
यस्मान्नोद्विजते लोको लोकान्नोद्विजते च यः । हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैर्मुक्तो यः स च मे प्रियः ॥१२.१५॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
One who does not disturb the world and is not overwhelmed by it, who is free from feverish elation, resentment, fear and agitation—that person is dear to me.
Roman reading
yasmaannodvijate loko lokaannodvijate cha yah | harshaamarshabhayodvegairmukto yah sa cha me priyah ||12.15||yasmānnodvijate loko lokānnodvijate ca yaḥ | harṣāmarṣabhayodvegairmukto yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ ||12.15||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The verse joins responsibility toward others with inward composure. One should not become a source of needless alarm, nor be wholly governed by the turbulence around oneself. It describes a cultivated ideal, not a demand that a sincere person never feel anxiety.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
श्लोक का आदर्श दोतरफा है: न अपने व्यवहार से दूसरों को अनावश्यक दुःख पहुँचाना और न हर बाहरी घटना से भीतर टूट जाना। इसका अर्थ यह नहीं कि सजग व्यक्ति को कभी डर या व्यथा हो ही नहीं सकती; यहाँ साधना से विकसित संतुलन का चित्र है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अनपेक्षः शुचिर्दक्ष उदासीनो गतव्यथः । सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी यो मद्भक्तः स मे प्रियः ॥१२.१६॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
A devotee free from demanding expectations, pure in conduct, capable, impartial and unburdened by distress, who relinquishes self-seeking undertakings, is dear to me.
Roman reading
anapekshah shuchirdaksha udaaseeno gatavyathah | sarvaarambhaparityaagee yo madbhaktah sa me priyah ||12.16||anapekṣaḥ śucirdakṣa udāsīno gatavyathaḥ | sarvārambhaparityāgī yo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||12.16||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Udāsīna here is better understood as impartial detachment than indifference to suffering. Dakṣa explicitly values competence. The renunciation of undertakings calls for interpretive care: it is not an invitation to abandon every constructive responsibility.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यहाँ “उदासीन” का आशय संवेदनहीन होना नहीं, पक्षपात और परिणामों की बेचैनी से दूर रहना है। “दक्ष” शब्द बताता है कि भक्ति कार्यकुशलता के विपरीत नहीं है। “सर्वारम्भपरित्यागी” को हर उपयोगी काम छोड़ देना मानने के बजाय अहंकारी या स्वार्थी आरंभों से विरक्ति के संदर्भ में पढ़ना उपयोगी है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
यो न हृष्यति न द्वेष्टि न शोचति न काङ्क्षति । शुभाशुभपरित्यागी भक्तिमान्यः स मे प्रियः ॥१२.१७॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
A devoted person who is not carried away by delight, hatred, grief or craving, and has relinquished attachment to favourable and unfavourable outcomes, is dear to me.
Roman reading
yo na hrishyati na dveshti na shochati na kaankshati | shubhaashubhaparityaagee bhaktimaanyah sa me priyah ||12.17||yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati | śubhāśubhaparityāgī bhaktimānyaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||12.17||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The teaching is not best read as a command to suppress all emotion. It points to freedom from being ruled by emotional extremes. Relinquishing “good and bad” here should not be confused with abandoning ethical discernment; attachment to anticipated outcomes is the issue.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
कृष्ण यहाँ भावनाओं को दबाने का आदेश नहीं दे रहे; वे उनकी गुलामी से मुक्ति की स्थिति बता रहे हैं। “शुभाशुभपरित्यागी” का अर्थ नैतिक भले-बुरे के बीच भेद मिटा देना नहीं, बल्कि फल की चाह और भय से आगे बढ़ना है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
समः शत्रौ च मित्रे च तथा मानापमानयोः । शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषु समः सङ्गविवर्जितः ॥१२.१८॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
One who remains even-minded toward enemy and friend, honour and dishonour, cold and heat, pleasure and pain, and is free from attachment—
Roman reading
samah shatrau cha mitre cha tathaa maanaapamaanayoh | sheetoshnasukhaduhkheshu samah sangavivarjitah ||12.18||samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca tathā mānāpamānayoḥ | śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu samaḥ saṅgavivarjitaḥ ||12.18||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The description continues in 12.19. Equal-mindedness does not erase the difference between helpful and harmful actions. It is the refusal to let personal liking, insult or discomfort become the sole ruler of judgment and response.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह कथन अगले श्लोक में पूरा होता है। समभाव का अर्थ सभी व्यवहारों को समान रूप से उचित मानना नहीं, बल्कि पक्षपात और प्रतिशोध से संचालित न होना है। बाहरी द्वंद्व बने रहते हैं, पर साधक उनसे अपनी आंतरिक दिशा पूरी तरह तय नहीं होने देता।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
तुल्यनिन्दास्तुतिर्मौनी संतुष्टो येन केनचित् । अनिकेतः स्थिरमतिर्भक्तिमान्मे प्रियो नरः ॥१२.१९॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
One who takes praise and criticism alike, is restrained in speech, content with what comes, not possessively bound to a dwelling, steady in understanding and devoted, is dear to me.
Roman reading
tulyanindaastutirmaunee samtushto yena kenachit | aniketah sthiramatirbhaktimaanme priyo narah ||12.19||tulyanindāstutirmaunī saṃtuṣṭo yena kenacit | aniketaḥ sthiramatirbhaktimānme priyo naraḥ ||12.19||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Maunī need not be reduced to constant literal silence; disciplined speech is central. Aniketa likewise does not automatically make homelessness a universal requirement. The qualities describe a person whose stability does not depend entirely on praise, property or social standing.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
“मौनी” को हर समय बोलना बंद कर देने तक सीमित नहीं करना चाहिए; उसकी दिशा वाणी का संयम और अनावश्यक विवाद से दूरी है। “अनिकेत” का अर्थ सभी के लिए घर छोड़ना अनिवार्य नहीं; यह घर और स्थिति से उपजने वाली पहचान में अनासक्ति की ओर भी संकेत कर सकता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
ये तु धर्म्यामृतमिदं यथोक्तं पर्युपासते । श्रद्दधाना मत्परमा भक्तास्तेऽतीव मे प्रियाः ॥१२.२०॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Those faithful devotees who take me as their highest aim and live by this nectar-like teaching of dharma as set forth are exceedingly dear to me.
Roman reading
ye tu dharmyaamritamidam yathoktam paryupaasate | shraddadhaanaa matparamaa bhaktaaste’teeva me priyaah ||12.20||ye tu dharmyāmṛtamidaṃ yathoktaṃ paryupāsate | śraddadhānā matparamā bhaktāste’tīva me priyāḥ ||12.20||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The chapter closes by gathering its counsel into a way of life. Devotion is reflected in compassion, steadiness, responsible action, relinquishment of possessiveness and enduring trust. Dharmyāmṛta is a metaphor for life-giving instruction rooted in dharma, not a literal substance.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अध्याय का निष्कर्ष केवल किसी एक उपासना-विधि की प्रशंसा नहीं है। करुणा, समभाव, संयम, फलासक्ति का त्याग और श्रद्धा—ये सभी मिलकर भक्तिमय जीवन का स्वरूप बनाते हैं। “धर्म्यामृत” अध्याय में बताए गए जीवन-मूल्यों की अमृततुल्य शिक्षा है; इसे किसी पदार्थ की संज्ञा न समझें।
About this edition · Sources & references
Bhagavad Gita · ASS45 (1901) · Initial editorial V1
This is an educational edition; independent textual and specialist review remains incomplete.
Original text, translations and explanations remain separate readings. Shared passages appear once with their complete references.
12.1 — Original / source text
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