Chapter 10
Vibhūti Yoga — Divine Manifestations and Pervasive SplendourVibhūti Yoga — Divine Manifestations and Pervasive Splendour

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Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
श्रीभगवानुवाच । भूय एव महाबाहो शृणु मे परमं वचः । यत्तेऽहं प्रीयमाणाय वक्ष्यामि हितकाम्यया ॥१०.१॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Mighty-armed Arjuna, listen once again to my supreme teaching. I speak it for your welfare, knowing that you receive it with affection.
Roman reading
shreebhagavaanuvaacha | bhooya eva mahaabaaho shrinu me paramam vachah | yatte’ham preeyamaanaaya vakshyaami hitakaamyayaa ||10.1||śrībhagavānuvāca | bhūya eva mahābāho śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ | yatte’haṃ prīyamāṇāya vakṣyāmi hitakāmyayā ||10.1||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The opening emphasizes a relationship of care. Krishna repeats the teaching because Arjuna is ready to hear more, not because earlier instruction had no value. The coming catalogue of divine manifestations is meant to change how Arjuna sees the world, helping him recognize sources of wonder, excellence, and order as reminders of the divine.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अध्याय की शुरुआत आदेश से नहीं, स्नेहपूर्ण आमंत्रण से होती है। श्रीकृष्ण देखते हैं कि अर्जुन अब संवाद सुनने के लिए अधिक तैयार है। ‘परम वचन’ का उद्देश्य केवल दिव्य ऐश्वर्य की सूची देना नहीं, बल्कि अर्जुन को संसार में दिव्य उपस्थिति पहचानने की दृष्टि देना है। यहाँ गुरु का हितचिंतन और शिष्य की ग्रहणशीलता एक साथ दिखाई देते हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
न मे विदुः सुरगणाः प्रभवं न महर्षयः । अहमादिर्हि देवानां महर्षीणां च सर्वशः ॥१०.२॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Neither the hosts of gods nor the great sages know my ultimate origin, for I am the source of them all.
Roman reading
na me viduh suraganaah prabhavam na maharshayah | ahamaadirhi devaanaam maharsheenaam cha sarvashah ||10.2||na me viduḥ suragaṇāḥ prabhavaṃ na maharṣayaḥ | ahamādirhi devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ ||10.2||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna is not offering a historical account of a birthplace. He speaks of ultimate priority: even celestial beings and sages are described as dependent upon the reality they seek to understand. The point is theological and philosophical, reminding the reader that a source of all things cannot be captured completely by the categories of things arising from it.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
श्रीकृष्ण यहाँ सामान्य जीवनी की तरह अपना कोई जन्म-वृत्तांत नहीं देते। वे उस तत्त्व के बारे में बोल रहे हैं जो स्वयं देवताओं और ऋषियों के उद्भव का आधार है। यदि ज्ञाता भी उसी आधार से उत्पन्न हैं, तो वे उसे पूरी तरह सीमित परिभाषा में नहीं बाँध सकते। यह कथन ईश्वर की अगम्यता और मानव ज्ञान की सीमा पर विचार कराता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
यो मामजमनादिं च वेत्ति लोकमहेश्वरम् । असम्मूढः स मर्त्येषु सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥१०.३॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
One who knows me as unborn, beginningless, and supreme Lord of the worlds becomes free from delusion among mortals and is released from all sins.
Roman reading
yo maamajamanaadim cha vetti lokamaheshvaram | asammoodhah sa martyeshu sarvapaapaih pramuchyate ||10.3||yo māmajamanādiṃ ca vetti lokamaheśvaram | asammūḍhaḥ sa martyeṣu sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate ||10.3||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
“Unborn” and “beginningless” describe the transcendent dimension of Krishna, not simply the chronology of his human life. Knowing him entails a transformation of understanding rather than reciting an abstract title. Freedom from sin is expressed within the Gita's spiritual framework; it does not excuse harm or eliminate accountability for one's actions in ordinary life.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
‘अज’ और ‘अनादि’ कृष्ण के परम स्वरूप के लिए प्रयुक्त हैं; इन्हें उनके मानवीय जीवन की साधारण घटनाओं के समान नहीं पढ़ना चाहिए। यहाँ ‘जानना’ केवल परिभाषा रटना नहीं, अपनी समझ और आचरण को उस दृष्टि के अनुरूप बदलना भी है। पाप से मुक्ति गीता के आध्यात्मिक ढाँचे की बात है, किसी कर्म के सामाजिक या कानूनी परिणामों से छूट नहीं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
बुद्धिर्ज्ञानमसम्मोहः क्षमा सत्यं दमः शमः । सुखं दुःखं भवोऽभावो भयं चाभयमेव च ॥१०.४॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Intelligence, knowledge, freedom from confusion, forgiveness, truth, sensory restraint, inner calm, pleasure, pain, coming-to-be, passing-away, fear, and fearlessness all arise from me.
Roman reading
buddhirjnaanamasammohah kshamaa satyam damah shamah | sukham duhkham bhavo’bhaavo bhayam chaabhayameva cha ||10.4||buddhirjñānamasammohaḥ kṣamā satyaṃ damaḥ śamaḥ | sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ bhavo’bhāvo bhayaṃ cābhayameva ca ||10.4||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The verse includes contrasts as well as virtues: pleasure and pain, fear and fearlessness, arising and ceasing. That inclusion does not make cruelty or suffering desirable. Rather, it places the diversity of lived experience within a larger metaphysical account of its source. Forgiveness, truthfulness, and self-control remain qualities that people must actively cultivate.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
श्रीकृष्ण यहाँ केवल मनपसंद गुणों का नाम नहीं लेते; सुख और दुःख, भय और निर्भयता भी उसी व्यापक जगत-व्यवस्था में आते हैं। इससे दुःख को अच्छा घोषित करना उचित नहीं होगा। बात यह है कि मानव अनुभव के विविध आयाम परम आधार से पूर्णतः अलग नहीं हैं। क्षमा, सत्य और संयम जैसे गुण फिर भी साधना के विषय बने रहते हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अहिंसा समता तुष्टिस्तपो दानं यशोऽयशः । भवन्ति भावा भूतानां मत्त एव पृथग्विधाः ॥१०.५॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Nonviolence, even-mindedness, contentment, discipline, generosity, fame, and disgrace—these varied states of beings also originate from me.
Roman reading
ahimsaa samataa tushtistapo daanam yasho’yashah | bhavanti bhaavaa bhootaanaam matta eva prithagvidhaah ||10.5||ahiṃsā samatā tuṣṭistapo dānaṃ yaśo’yaśaḥ | bhavanti bhāvā bhūtānāṃ matta eva pṛthagvidhāḥ ||10.5||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The list broadens from inward capacities to moral practices and social conditions. Nonviolence and generosity concern choices we can cultivate; reputation often depends on other people's judgments. Krishna attributes the possibility of these diverse experiences to the divine source without declaring every action morally equivalent. Ethical discrimination still matters throughout the Gita.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
पिछले श्लोक की सूची यहाँ नैतिक गुणों और सामाजिक अनुभवों तक पहुँचती है। अहिंसा और दान ऐसी दिशाएँ हैं जिनमें मनुष्य सचेत अभ्यास कर सकता है; यश और अपयश दूसरों की प्रतिक्रिया से भी बनते हैं। श्रीकृष्ण इन्हें एक ही परम आधार से जोड़ते हैं, पर इससे हर व्यवहार की नैतिक समानता सिद्ध नहीं होती। गीता में विवेक और उत्तरदायित्व की आवश्यकता बनी रहती है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
महर्षयः सप्त पूर्वे चत्वारो मनवस्तथा । मद्भावा मानसा जाता येषां लोक इमाः प्रजाः ॥१०.६॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
The ancient seven great sages, the four earlier progenitors, and the Manus arose from my mind; the peoples of this world are traced to them.
Roman reading
maharshayah sapta poorve chatvaaro manavastathaa | madbhaavaa maanasaa jaataa yeshaam loka imaah prajaah ||10.6||maharṣayaḥ sapta pūrve catvāro manavastathā | madbhāvā mānasā jātā yeṣāṃ loka imāḥ prajāḥ ||10.6||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
This verse uses the cosmological language of traditional genealogies. Commentarial traditions differ over the identity of the four earlier beings, so the text should not be made to prove one list without further source review. Its main claim is that even the revered progenitors of cosmic and human orders depend upon Krishna as their deeper origin.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह श्लोक पुराणपरंपरा के सृष्टि-वर्णन की भाषा में है। सात ऋषियों, चार पूर्वजों और मनुओं की पहचान अलग व्याख्यात्मक परंपराओं में भिन्न ढंग से समझी गई है; इसलिए केवल इस पंक्ति से कोई एक नामसूची निश्चित नहीं करनी चाहिए। इसका केंद्रीय आशय यह है कि जिन आदिपुरुषों से मानवीय और ब्रह्मांडीय वंशावलियाँ जोड़ी जाती हैं, वे भी दिव्य सत्ता से स्वतंत्र नहीं हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
एतां विभूतिं योगं च मम यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः । सोऽविकम्पेन योगेन युज्यते नात्र संशयः ॥१०.७॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
One who truly understands my manifestations and divine power becomes joined to me through unwavering yoga; of this there is no doubt.
Roman reading
etaam vibhootim yogam cha mama yo vetti tattvatah | so’vikampena yogena yujyate naatra samshayah ||10.7||etāṃ vibhūtiṃ yogaṃ ca mama yo vetti tattvataḥ | so’vikampena yogena yujyate nātra saṃśayaḥ ||10.7||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Vibhūti means an expression of divine greatness, while yoga here points to the power by which Krishna relates to and sustains the world. Understanding both is more than memorizing impressive names. It offers a stable interpretive outlook: the world's excellence can become a reminder of a reality that transcends any single impressive thing.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
‘विभूति’ का अर्थ यहाँ असाधारण वैभव या अभिव्यक्ति है, जबकि ‘योग’ उस शक्ति की ओर संकेत करता है जिससे दिव्य सत्ता समस्त जगत से संबद्ध रहती है। दोनों को केवल अद्भुत वस्तुओं की सूची मान लेने से श्लोक का सार छूट जाता है। श्रीकृष्ण कहते हैं कि उनकी सर्वव्यापकता का सही बोध साधक की निष्ठा को स्थिर बनाता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अहं सर्वस्य प्रभवो मत्तः सर्वं प्रवर्तते । इति मत्वा भजन्ते मां बुधा भावसमन्विताः ॥१०.८॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
I am the source of everything, and all things proceed from me. Knowing this, the wise worship me with deep feeling.
Roman reading
aham sarvasya prabhavo mattah sarvam pravartate | iti matvaa bhajante maam budhaa bhaavasamanvitaah ||10.8||ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavo mattaḥ sarvaṃ pravartate | iti matvā bhajante māṃ budhā bhāvasamanvitāḥ ||10.8||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
This is the chapter's central thesis. The many excellences soon listed are not rival objects of ultimate allegiance but signs that point toward one source. The wise respond with both understanding and feeling. In this verse, insight does not displace devotion; it deepens the emotional quality of a devotional life.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह अध्याय का केंद्रीय सूत्र है: सृष्टि के अनेक रूपों में भटकने के बजाय साधक उनके साझा स्रोत पर दृष्टि रखता है। ‘भावसमन्विताः’ बताता है कि केवल तर्कपूर्ण निष्कर्ष पर्याप्त नहीं; हृदय की भागीदारी भी महत्त्वपूर्ण है। यहाँ भक्ति और ज्ञान विरोधी रास्ते नहीं, बल्कि एक-दूसरे को गहरा करने वाली अवस्थाएँ हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
मच्चित्ता मद्गतप्राणा बोधयन्तः परस्परम् । कथयन्तश्च मां नित्यं तुष्यन्ति च रमन्ति च ॥१०.९॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
With their minds fixed on me and their lives devoted to me, they enlighten one another, speak of me constantly, and find contentment and joy.
Roman reading
machchittaa madgatapraanaa bodhayantah parasparam | kathayantashcha maam nityam tushyanti cha ramanti cha ||10.9||maccittā madgataprāṇā bodhayantaḥ parasparam | kathayantaśca māṃ nityaṃ tuṣyanti ca ramanti ca ||10.9||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Devotion is depicted as a shared practice, not merely a private feeling. Companions illuminate one another through conversation and attentive reflection. The phrase “instructing one another” is reciprocal; learning is not reserved for a single authority. The joy described here arises from a relationship continually nourished by remembrance and thoughtful companionship.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
भक्ति को यहाँ अकेले बैठकर की जाने वाली क्रिया तक सीमित नहीं किया गया। साधक एक-दूसरे से सीखते हैं, अनुभव साझा करते हैं और परम विषय पर संवाद करते हैं। ‘बोधयन्तः परस्परम्’ में पारस्परिकता महत्त्वपूर्ण है: कोई केवल वक्ता और दूसरा हमेशा श्रोता नहीं। ऐसी संगति ज्ञान को आत्मीयता से जोड़ती है, बशर्ते संवाद विनम्रता और विवेक से हो।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
तेषां सततयुक्तानां भजतां प्रीतिपूर्वकम् । ददामि बुद्धियोगं तं येन मामुपयान्ति ते ॥१०.१०॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
To those who remain devoted to me and worship with love, I grant the yoga of discernment by which they come to me.
Roman reading
teshaam satatayuktaanaam bhajataam preetipoorvakam | dadaami buddhiyogam tam yena maamupayaanti te ||10.10||teṣāṃ satatayuktānāṃ bhajatāṃ prītipūrvakam | dadāmi buddhiyogaṃ taṃ yena māmupayānti te ||10.10||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna does not present loving devotion as the opposite of discernment. Buddhi-yoga is a way of understanding that guides the devotee toward the divine rather than merely improving intellectual performance. The verse describes grace working through clarified judgment. The following verse develops that image through light dispelling ignorance.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
श्रीकृष्ण भक्ति को विवेक के विपरीत नहीं रखते। ‘बुद्धियोग’ यहाँ साधक की समझ को ऐसी दिशा मिलने का नाम है जो उसे अंतिम लक्ष्य के पास ले जाए। निरंतर अभ्यास से दृष्टि अधिक स्पष्ट हो सकती है—यही संबंध अगले श्लोक में ज्ञान के दीपक से व्यक्त होगा। यह कथन धार्मिक परंपरा के भीतर दिव्य अनुग्रह का आश्वासन है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
तेषामेवानुकम्पार्थमहमज्ञानजं तमः । नाशयाम्यात्मभावस्थो ज्ञानदीपेन भास्वता ॥१०.११॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Out of compassion for them, I dwell within and dispel the darkness born of ignorance with the shining lamp of knowledge.
Roman reading
teshaamevaanukampaarthamahamajnaanajam tamah | naashayaamyaatmabhaavastho jnaanadeepena bhaasvataa ||10.11||teṣāmevānukampārthamahamajñānajaṃ tamaḥ | nāśayāmyātmabhāvastho jñānadīpena bhāsvatā ||10.11||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The image is deliberately intimate: light is kindled within. A lamp need not create the world it reveals; it allows what was obscured to be perceived. Likewise, spiritual understanding changes how a person sees their responsibilities and relation to others. The passage expresses divine grace in metaphorical language, not a claim about a measurable physical illumination.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अज्ञान को अंधकार और ज्ञान को दीपक कहना श्लोक का प्रमुख रूपक है। प्रकाश कोई नई वस्तु पैदा नहीं करता, बल्कि जो सामने है उसे देखने योग्य बनाता है। इसी तरह ज्ञान साधक को अपने संबंध, कर्म और उद्देश्य नए ढंग से समझा सकता है। यहाँ भीतर स्थित दिव्य अनुग्रह की बात है; इसे वास्तविक बाहरी रोशनी या किसी सिद्ध वैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया का दावा न मानें।
Original / source text
अर्जुन उवाच
अर्जुन उवाच । परं ब्रह्म परं धाम पवित्रं परमं भवान् । पुरुषं शाश्वतं दिव्यमादिदेवमजं विभुम् ॥१०.१२॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Arjuna said: You are the supreme Brahman, the highest abode, and the supreme purifier—the eternal divine Person, the primal deity, unborn and all-pervading.
Roman reading
Arjuna uvaacha | param brahma param dhaama pavitram paramam bhavaan | purusham shaashvatam divyamaadidevamajam vibhum ||10.12||arjuna uvāca | paraṃ brahma paraṃ dhāma pavitraṃ paramaṃ bhavān | puruṣaṃ śāśvataṃ divyamādidevamajaṃ vibhum ||10.12||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Arjuna now becomes the speaker, responding to Krishna with a series of exalted titles. Terms such as supreme Brahman and eternal Person have received different philosophical interpretations; they should not be flattened into a single unexplained label. His praise forms a transition from Krishna's declaration of sourcehood to a request for concrete ways to contemplate that truth.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यहाँ से वक्ता बदलता है: अब अर्जुन श्रीकृष्ण की महिमा स्वीकार करता है। ‘परं ब्रह्म’ और ‘पुरुषं शाश्वतम्’ जैसे पद दर्शन की कई परंपराओं में गहरी व्याख्या पाते हैं। अर्जुन का कथन तर्कवितर्क का नया विरोध नहीं, बल्कि सुने गए उपदेश के प्रति विश्वासपूर्ण प्रत्युत्तर है। अगले श्लोक में वह अन्य ऋषियों की गवाही भी जोड़ता है।
Original / source text
अर्जुन उवाच
आहुस्त्वामृषयः सर्वे देवर्षिर्नारदस्तथा । असितो देवलो व्यासः स्वयं चैव ब्रवीषि मे ॥१०.१३॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
The sages, including the divine seer Nārada, Asita, Devala, and Vyāsa, say the same of you; and you yourself tell me so.
Roman reading
aahustvaamrishayah sarve devarshirnaaradastathaa | asito devalo vyaasah svayam chaiva braveeshi me ||10.13||āhustvāmṛṣayaḥ sarve devarṣirnāradastathā | asito devalo vyāsaḥ svayaṃ caiva bravīṣi me ||10.13||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Arjuna appeals to inherited spiritual testimony as well as Krishna's own words. The named sages form part of the Gita's authoritative religious setting, not independent modern historical documentation of a claim. The verse shows how Arjuna situates his personal encounter within a larger tradition of reflection on the divine.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अर्जुन अपने विश्वास का आधार केवल निजी भावनाओं में नहीं खोजता। वह ऋषि-परंपरा का स्मरण करता है और अपने प्रत्यक्ष संवाद से उसे जोड़ता है। नामों की यह सूची शास्त्रीय साक्ष्य की शैली का हिस्सा है; किसी ऐतिहासिक घटना की आधुनिक दस्तावेज़ी पुष्टि नहीं। इससे स्पष्ट होता है कि अर्जुन के लिए कृष्ण का उपदेश व्यापक आध्यात्मिक परंपरा से संवाद करता है।
Original / source text
अर्जुन उवाच
सर्वमेतदृतं मन्ये यन्मां वदसि केशव । न हि ते भगवन्व्यक्तिं विदुर्देवा न दानवाः ॥१०.१४॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Keśava, I accept all that you tell me as true; neither gods nor demons fully know the way you manifest yourself.
Roman reading
sarvametadritam manye yanmaam vadasi keshava | na hi te bhagavanvyaktim vidurdevaa na daanavaah ||10.14||sarvametadṛtaṃ manye yanmāṃ vadasi keśava | na hi te bhagavanvyaktiṃ vidurdevā na dānavāḥ ||10.14||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Arjuna's acceptance does not close inquiry; it prepares the way for more questions. Faith and curiosity appear together. Krishna's full manifestation is described as exceeding the knowledge of celestial and adversarial beings alike. The reader is invited to distinguish confidence in a teaching from the mistaken idea that the infinite has been exhaustively described.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अर्जुन का विश्वास प्रश्न पूछने की क्षमता समाप्त नहीं करता। अगले श्लोकों में वह और विस्तार चाहता है। यह विशेष बात है: श्रद्धा और जिज्ञासा यहाँ साथ चलती हैं। दिव्य ‘व्यक्ति’ या प्राकट्य की पूर्ण पहचान देवों और दानवों से परे बताई गई है; इसलिए दिव्य सत्ता को केवल प्रसिद्ध रूपों या कथाओं में समाप्त कर देना उपदेश की सीमा होगी।
Original / source text
अर्जुन उवाच
स्वयमेवात्मनात्मानं वेत्थ त्वं पुरुषोत्तम । भूतभावन भूतेश देवदेव जगत्पते ॥१०.१५॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Supreme Person, source and Lord of beings, God of gods, Lord of the universe—you alone truly know yourself by yourself.
Roman reading
svayamevaatmanaatmaanam vettha tvam purushottama | bhootabhaavana bhootesha devadeva jagatpate ||10.15||svayamevātmanātmānaṃ vettha tvaṃ puruṣottama | bhūtabhāvana bhūteśa devadeva jagatpate ||10.15||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Arjuna admits a limit to finite knowing: the divine is ultimately self-known. This need not end the search for understanding. Instead, it motivates his next request for recognizable examples. The verse stands between reverent praise and practical inquiry—how can someone with ordinary human attention contemplate a reality that exceeds complete description?
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अर्जुन मानता है कि परम सत्ता की पूर्ण पहचान उसी को है जो उसका स्वामी है। यह कथन दार्शनिक विनम्रता व्यक्त करता है: मनुष्य अनुभवों और वचनों के आधार पर समझ विकसित कर सकता है, पर अनंत तत्त्व की संपूर्णता को अपने सीमित विचार में बंद नहीं कर सकता। इसी कारण वह श्रीकृष्ण से ऐसे उदाहरण माँगता है जिन्हें जीवन और जगत में स्मरण किया जा सके।
Original / source text
अर्जुन उवाच
वक्तुमर्हस्यशेषेण दिव्या ह्यात्मविभूतयः । याभिर्विभूतिभिर्लोकानिमांस्त्वं व्याप्य तिष्ठसि ॥१०.१६॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Please describe your divine manifestations fully—the ways through which you pervade and sustain these worlds.
Roman reading
vaktumarhasyasheshena divyaa hyaatmavibhootayah | yaabhirvibhootibhirlokaanimaamstvam vyaapya tishthasi ||10.16||vaktumarhasyaśeṣeṇa divyā hyātmavibhūtayaḥ | yābhirvibhūtibhirlokānimāṃstvaṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhasi ||10.16||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Arjuna asks for points of contemplation drawn from the world as it is encountered. The phrase “pervading the worlds” suggests divine presence without reducing the divine to any particular object. The forthcoming catalogue is pedagogical: familiar beings, capacities, and places become prompts for remembering a reality too vast for exhaustive enumeration.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अर्जुन अब अमूर्त उपदेश को ध्यान के ठोस आधारों से जोड़ना चाहता है। वह दिव्य विभूतियों की सूची इसलिए माँगता है कि संसार के विविध रूप उसे कृष्ण की याद दिला सकें। ‘व्याप्य तिष्ठसि’ महत्त्वपूर्ण है: ईश्वर को केवल जगत से बाहर की सत्ता नहीं, उसके भीतर उपस्थित आधार के रूप में भी देखा गया है, यद्यपि वह किसी एक वस्तु तक सीमित नहीं हो जाता।
Original / source text
अर्जुन उवाच
कथं विद्यामहं योगिंस्त्वां सदा परिचिन्तयन् । केषु केषु च भावेषु चिन्त्योऽसि भगवन्मया ॥१०.१७॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Lord of yoga, how may I know you while contemplating you continually? In what forms and aspects should I meditate upon you?
Roman reading
katham vidyaamaham yogimstvaam sadaa parichintayan | keshu keshu cha bhaaveshu chintyo’si bhagavanmayaa ||10.17||kathaṃ vidyāmahaṃ yogiṃstvāṃ sadā paricintayan | keṣu keṣu ca bhāveṣu cintyo’si bhagavanmayā ||10.17||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
This is the chapter's practical question. Arjuna seeks not only a doctrine about the divine but a way to sustain contemplation. Krishna's answer will work through familiar features of nature, culture, and character. Those examples need not be taken as an exhaustive inventory of sacred objects; they function as aids to sustained remembrance.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह पूरे अध्याय का व्यावहारिक प्रश्न है। अर्जुन केवल यह नहीं पूछ रहा कि ईश्वर क्या है; वह जानना चाहता है कि प्रतिदिन की दृष्टि और ध्यान में ईश्वर को कैसे स्मरण करे। उत्तर में आने वाले सूर्य, चंद्रमा, पर्वत, नदी और मनुष्य के गुण किसी जादुई सूची की तरह नहीं, बल्कि स्मृति और श्रद्धा के उपकरण की तरह समझे जा सकते हैं।
Original / source text
अर्जुन उवाच
विस्तरेणात्मनो योगं विभूतिं च जनार्दन । भूयः कथय तृप्तिर्हि शृण्वतो नास्ति मेऽमृतम् ॥१०.१८॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Janārdana, tell me again at length of your divine power and manifestations; I cannot be satiated by hearing this nectar-like teaching.
Roman reading
vistarenaatmano yogam vibhootim cha janaardana | bhooyah kathaya triptirhi shrinvato naasti me’mritam ||10.18||vistareṇātmano yogaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca janārdana | bhūyaḥ kathaya tṛptirhi śṛṇvato nāsti me’mṛtam ||10.18||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Arjuna's lack of satiation describes delight in learning, not dissatisfaction with Krishna's answer. The “nectar” metaphor conveys how nourishing he finds the discourse. It also sets a limit on the reply: Krishna can provide leading examples, but no finite catalogue can exhaust an infinite source.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अर्जुन का ‘तृप्ति नहीं होती’ कहना असंतोष नहीं, सीखने में बढ़ती रुचि व्यक्त करता है। जब कोई विषय मन को गहराई से छूता है तो उसके बारे में और जानने की इच्छा जागती है। अमृत का रूपक यहाँ श्रवण के आध्यात्मिक रस को व्यक्त करता है। अगले उत्तर में श्रीकृष्ण अपनी विभूतियों की मुख्य झलक देंगे, फिर भी कहेंगे कि उनकी सीमा नहीं गिनाई जा सकती।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
श्रीभगवानुवाच । हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि दिव्या ह्यात्मविभूतयः । प्राधान्यतः कुरुश्रेष्ठ नास्त्यन्तो विस्तरस्य मे ॥१०.१९॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
The Blessed Lord said: Best of the Kurus, I shall tell you of my principal divine manifestations, for the full extent of them has no end.
Roman reading
shreebhagavaanuvaacha | hanta te kathayishyaami divyaa hyaatmavibhootayah | praadhaanyatah kurushreshtha naastyanto vistarasya me ||10.19||śrībhagavānuvāca | hanta te kathayiṣyāmi divyā hyātmavibhūtayaḥ | prādhānyataḥ kuruśreṣṭha nāstyanto vistarasya me ||10.19||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna explicitly says his examples are selective. The word prādhānyataḥ means “chiefly” or “by principal examples”; the list is not a ranking of everything in existence. The presence or absence of a name should therefore not be used to declare the spiritual worth of a people, place, or tradition.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
कृष्ण का उत्तर एक आवश्यक सावधानी से शुरू होता है: आगे दी जाने वाली सूची प्रतिनिधि उदाहरणों की है। ‘प्राधान्यतः’ का अर्थ है मुख्य रूप से, न कि संपूर्ण रूप से। इस दृष्टि से श्लोकों के बीच किसी विभूति का नाम न मिलना उसकी आध्यात्मिक हीनता का प्रमाण नहीं बनता। शिक्षण का उद्देश्य विविध क्षेत्रों में उत्कृष्टता देखकर दिव्य स्रोत का स्मरण करना है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अहमात्मा गुडाकेश सर्वभूताशयस्थितः । अहमादिश्च मध्यं च भूतानामन्त एव च ॥१०.२०॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Guḍākeśa, I am the Self dwelling in the hearts of all beings; I am their beginning, middle, and end.
Roman reading
ahamaatmaa gudaakesha sarvabhootaashayasthitah | ahamaadishcha madhyam cha bhootaanaamanta eva cha ||10.20||ahamātmā guḍākeśa sarvabhūtāśayasthitaḥ | ahamādiśca madhyaṃ ca bhūtānāmanta eva ca ||10.20||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The catalogue starts inwardly, with the Self in every being, before turning to celebrated cosmic and cultural forms. This order matters: divine presence is not confined to the famous or spectacular. Krishna presents himself as related to the entire course of existence—its emergence, duration, and ending. The address Guḍākeśa is a name for Arjuna.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
सूची किसी बाहरी वैभव से नहीं, सभी प्राणियों के अंतःस्थ आत्मतत्त्व से शुरू होती है। इससे स्पष्ट होता है कि दिव्य उपस्थिति को केवल शक्तिशाली वस्तुओं या प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तियों में खोज लेना अधूरा होगा। कृष्ण जीवन की पूरी धारा—उद्भव, स्थिति और अंत—को अपने आधार से जोड़ते हैं। ‘गुडाकेश’ अर्जुन का संबोधन है; इसे अलग कोई दार्शनिक सिद्धांत न समझें।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
आदित्यानामहं विष्णुर्ज्योतिषां रविरंशुमान् । मरीचिर्मरुतामस्मि नक्षत्राणामहं शशी ॥१०.२१॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among the Ādityas I am Vishnu, among lights the radiant sun, among the Maruts Marīci, and among the heavenly bodies the moon.Among the Ādityas I am Viṣṇu, among lights the radiant sun, among the Maruts Marīci, and among the heavenly bodies the moon.
Roman reading
aadityaanaamaham vishnurjyotishaam raviramshumaan | mareechirmarutaamasmi nakshatraanaamaham shashee ||10.21||ādityānāmahaṃ viṣṇurjyotiṣāṃ raviraṃśumān | marīcirmarutāmasmi nakṣatrāṇāmahaṃ śaśī ||10.21||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna moves from the inward Self to visible brilliance and Vedic divine groupings. The Ādityas and Maruts belong to a specific traditional cosmology, while sun and moon are immediately recognizable. This is devotional symbolism, not a technical classification of astronomy. The details of the Marīci identification deserve textual and traditional review.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यहाँ परंपरागत देवसमूहों और आकाशीय प्रकाशों के सहारे दिव्य महिमा समझाई जाती है। आदित्य और मरुत वैदिक परंपरा के विशेष समूह हैं; मरीचि नाम का संदर्भ व्याख्यात्मक सावधानी माँगता है। सूर्य और चंद्रमा का उल्लेख साधक को प्रत्यक्ष जगत से भी जोड़ता है। उद्देश्य खगोलीय विज्ञान का वर्गीकरण करना नहीं, परिचित प्रकाश में महत्ता की अनुभूति कराना है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
वेदानां सामवेदोऽस्मि देवानामस्मि वासवः । इन्द्रियाणां मनश्चास्मि भूतानामस्मि चेतना ॥१०.२२॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among the Vedas I am the Sāma Veda, among gods Indra, among the senses the mind, and among living beings consciousness.
Roman reading
vedaanaam saamavedo’smi devaanaamasmi vaasavah | indriyaanaam manashchaasmi bhootaanaamasmi chetanaa ||10.22||vedānāṃ sāmavedo’smi devānāmasmi vāsavaḥ | indriyāṇāṃ manaścāsmi bhūtānāmasmi cetanā ||10.22||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The Sāma Veda evokes the musical recitation of sacred texts; Indra exemplifies sovereignty among the gods. The mind coordinates sensory life, while consciousness is named as a remarkable feature of living beings. These are analogical points of contemplation. The verse does not settle contemporary scientific debates about the nature of consciousness.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
सामवेद का संबंध गेय वैदिक मंत्रों से है, इसलिए यह श्रुति और स्वर की समृद्ध परंपरा का संकेत देता है। इंद्र देवों की शक्ति के और मन इंद्रियों को जोड़ने वाली क्षमता के उदाहरण हैं। सबसे व्यापक उदाहरण ‘चेतना’ है। यह श्लोक मन और चेतना को एक शब्द नहीं मानता; उनकी भूमिकाएँ अलग हैं और दार्शनिक परंपराओं में उन पर विस्तृत विचार हुआ है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
रुद्राणां शङ्करश्चास्मि वित्तेशो यक्षरक्षसाम् । वसूनां पावकश्चास्मि मेरुः शिखरिणामहम् ॥१०.२३॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among the Rudras I am Shankara, among Yakṣas and Rākṣasas the lord of wealth, among the Vasus fire, and among lofty mountains Meru.Among the Rudras I am Śaṅkara, among Yakṣas and Rākṣasas the lord of wealth, among the Vasus fire, and among lofty mountains Meru.
Roman reading
rudraanaam shankarashchaasmi vittesho yaksharakshasaam | vasoonaam paavakashchaasmi meruh shikharinaamaham ||10.23||rudrāṇāṃ śaṅkaraścāsmi vitteśo yakṣarakṣasām | vasūnāṃ pāvakaścāsmi meruḥ śikhariṇāmaham ||10.23||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Shankara, associated with Shiva, appears among the Rudras; Kubera, fire, and Mount Meru represent other domains of power and grandeur. This verse is especially important for readers from diverse Hindu traditions. It offers a devotional statement within the Gita without requiring every Shaiva and Vaiṣṇava school to adopt an identical metaphysical interpretation of the relation between Krishna and Shiva.
Śaṅkara, associated with Śiva, appears among the Rudras; Kubera, fire, and Mount Meru represent other domains of power and grandeur. This verse is especially important for readers from diverse Hindu traditions. It offers a devotional statement within the Gita without requiring every Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava school to adopt an identical metaphysical interpretation of the relation between Krishna and Śiva.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
‘शंकर’ शब्द शिव से संबद्ध है और रुद्रगणों के संदर्भ में आता है। कुबेर, अग्नि और मेरु अलग धार्मिक एवं पुराणपरंपराओं से परिचित संकेत हैं। विभूति-योग का आशय यह नहीं कि श्रीकृष्ण और शिव के संबंध पर सभी संप्रदायों को एक ही दार्शनिक निष्कर्ष मानना पड़े। पाठ को उसकी भक्तिपरक भाषा में पढ़ते हुए विभिन्न वैष्णव और शैव व्याख्याओं का सम्मान किया जा सकता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
पुरोधसां च मुख्यं मां विद्धि पार्थ बृहस्पतिम् । सेनानीनामहं स्कन्दः सरसामस्मि सागरः ॥१०.२४॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Pārtha, know me as Bṛhaspati among priests, Skanda among commanders, and the ocean among bodies of water.
Roman reading
purodhasaam cha mukhyam maam viddhi paartha brihaspatim | senaaneenaamaham skandah sarasaamasmi saagarah ||10.24||purodhasāṃ ca mukhyaṃ māṃ viddhi pārtha bṛhaspatim | senānīnāmahaṃ skandaḥ sarasāmasmi sāgaraḥ ||10.24||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Bṛhaspati exemplifies sacred counsel, Skanda leadership among commanders, and the ocean breadth. Skanda also has a rich independent devotional tradition and is widely associated with Shiva and Parvati. Reading him as a vibhūti in this passage need not erase that tradition; the Gita frames distinguished forms as ways of contemplating Krishna's pervasive greatness.
Bṛhaspati exemplifies sacred counsel, Skanda leadership among commanders, and the ocean breadth. Skanda also has a rich independent devotional tradition and is widely associated with Śiva and Pārvatī. Reading him as a vibhūti in this passage need not erase that tradition; the Gita frames distinguished forms as ways of contemplating Krishna's pervasive greatness.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
बृहस्पति दिव्य गुरु और पुरोहित की भूमिका का आदर्श हैं; स्कंद युद्ध-नेतृत्व के और समुद्र व्यापकता के उदाहरण हैं। स्कंद का उल्लेख विशेष रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि वे शिव-पार्वती के पुत्र और स्वतंत्र उपासना-परंपराओं के केंद्र भी हैं। यहाँ उनके महत्व को कृष्ण की विभूति के रूप में कहा गया है, पर उनकी अलग धार्मिक परंपरा को मिटाए बिना अर्थ समझा जा सकता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
महर्षीणां भृगुरहं गिरामस्म्येकमक्षरम् । यज्ञानां जपयज्ञोऽस्मि स्थावराणां हिमालयः ॥१०.२५॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among great sages I am Bhṛgu, among utterances the single syllable Om, among sacrifices the sacrifice of recitation, and among immovable things the Himalaya.
Roman reading
maharsheenaam bhriguraham giraamasmyekamaksharam | yajnaanaam japayajno’smi sthaavaraanaam himaalayah ||10.25||maharṣīṇāṃ bhṛgurahaṃ girāmasmyekamakṣaram | yajñānāṃ japayajño’smi sthāvarāṇāṃ himālayaḥ ||10.25||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Om and japa-yajña bring the catalogue close to daily practice. The repeated recitation of a sacred formula can be understood as an inward offering rather than a spectacular public ritual. The Himalaya supplies a contrasting image of enduring scale. The verse connects spiritual attention with sound, memory, and the stillness suggested by mountains.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यहाँ बाहरी प्रतिष्ठा और भीतरी साधना साथ आती हैं। ॐ को एकाक्षर कहा गया है, और जपयज्ञ शांत, बार-बार स्मरण करने वाली उपासना की ओर संकेत करता है। हिमालय अपनी विशालता और स्थिरता के कारण ध्यान का उदाहरण है। यह श्लोक औपचारिक अनुष्ठान के महत्व को पूरी तरह नकारे बिना जप जैसे सुलभ आध्यात्मिक अभ्यास का सम्मान करता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अश्वत्थः सर्ववृक्षाणां देवर्षीणां च नारदः । गन्धर्वाणां चित्ररथः सिद्धानां कपिलो मुनिः ॥१०.२६॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among trees I am the aśvattha, among divine sages Nārada, among Gandharvas Citraratha, and among perfected sages Kapila.
Roman reading
ashvatthah sarvavrikshaanaam devarsheenaam cha naaradah | gandharvaanaam chitrarathah siddhaanaam kapilo munih ||10.26||aśvatthaḥ sarvavṛkṣāṇāṃ devarṣīṇāṃ ca nāradaḥ | gandharvāṇāṃ citrarathaḥ siddhānāṃ kapilo muniḥ ||10.26||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The aśvattha tree, Nārada, Citraratha, and Kapila represent different domains: natural life, sacred communication, celestial artistry, and philosophical insight. The catalogue does not insist that these figures have identical functions. Their diversity invites the contemplative reader to recognize excellence in modes of life that are not reducible to one profession or temperament.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अश्वत्थ अर्थात् पीपल भारतीय धार्मिक जीवन में प्राचीन महत्व रखता है। नारद ज्ञान और भक्ति-संवाद से, चित्ररथ गंधर्व-परंपरा से और कपिल दार्शनिक मनन से जुड़े हैं। इन नामों को पहचानना उपयोगी है, पर मुख्य शिक्षा इससे आगे है: प्रकृति, संगीत और चिंतन जैसे अलग क्षेत्रों में भी साधक एक व्यापक दिव्य संदर्भ खोज सकता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
उच्चैःश्रवसमश्वानां विद्धि माममृतोद्भवम् । ऐरावतं गजेन्द्राणां नराणां च नराधिपम् ॥१०.२७॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among horses know me as Uccaiḥśravas, born of nectar; among great elephants as Airāvata, and among humans as a king.
Roman reading
uchchaihshravasamashvaanaam viddhi maamamritodbhavam | airaavatam gajendraanaam naraanaam cha naraadhipam ||10.27||uccaiḥśravasamaśvānāṃ viddhi māmamṛtodbhavam | airāvataṃ gajendrāṇāṃ narāṇāṃ ca narādhipam ||10.27||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Uccaiḥśravas and Airāvata belong to mythic accounts of extraordinary beings. The king represents concentrated civic authority in the text's social setting. This should not be read as a moral endorsement of every ruler or political act. As elsewhere, Krishna offers an emblem of power, while ethical evaluation of how power is used remains necessary.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
उच्चैःश्रवा और ऐरावत समुद्रमंथन की पुराणकथाओं से जुड़े दिव्य पशु हैं। राजा का उदाहरण उस समय की शासन-व्यवस्था में सर्वोच्च सांसारिक अधिकार का संकेत देता है। इससे किसी भी राजा के हर निर्णय को दिव्य या न्यायपूर्ण घोषित करना सही नहीं होगा। विभूति का बिंदु उत्कृष्टता और सामर्थ्य है, सत्ता के दुरुपयोग का समर्थन नहीं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
आयुधानामहं वज्रं धेनूनामस्मि कामधुक् । प्रजनश्चास्मि कन्दर्पः सर्पाणामस्मि वासुकिः ॥१०.२८॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among weapons I am the thunderbolt, among cows the wish-granting cow, among causes of procreation desire personified, and among serpents Vāsuki.
Roman reading
aayudhaanaamaham vajram dhenoonaamasmi kaamadhuk | prajanashchaasmi kandarpah sarpaanaamasmi vaasukih ||10.28||āyudhānāmahaṃ vajraṃ dhenūnāmasmi kāmadhuk | prajanaścāsmi kandarpaḥ sarpāṇāmasmi vāsukiḥ ||10.28||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The thunderbolt, wish-fulfilling cow, and Vāsuki are traditional symbolic figures. Kandarpa evokes the generative force of desire, a capacity that also calls for responsible restraint elsewhere in the Gita. The verse should not be turned into a literal scientific claim about mythical creatures or used to justify unrestrained appetite. It places varied powers of life within a sacred imaginative world.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
वज्र, कामधेनु और वासुकि पौराणिक प्रतीक हैं; उन्हें वास्तविक वस्तुओं के वैज्ञानिक गुणों की सूची की तरह न पढ़ें। ‘कंदर्प’ कामदेव के माध्यम से जीवन-सृष्टि की प्रेरक शक्ति का संकेत देता है। कामना की भूमिका को स्वीकारना और उसे अनियंत्रित रखना दो अलग बातें हैं; गीता अन्यत्र संयम पर भी बल देती है। यहाँ जीवन की अनेक शक्तियों का दिव्य मूल प्रस्तुत है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अनन्तश्चास्मि नागानां वरुणो यादसामहम् । पितॄणामर्यमा चास्मि यमः संयमतामहम् ॥१०.२९॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among Nāgas I am Ananta, among the beings of the waters Varuṇa, among the ancestors Aryaman, and among those who govern and restrain Yama.
Roman reading
anantashchaasmi naagaanaam varuno yaadasaamaham | pitreenaamaryamaa chaasmi yamah samyamataamaham ||10.29||anantaścāsmi nāgānāṃ varuṇo yādasāmaham | pitṝṇāmaryamā cāsmi yamaḥ saṃyamatāmaham ||10.29||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Ananta, Varuṇa, Aryaman, and Yama represent distinct mythic and moral domains: the serpent realm, waters, ancestors, and the regulation of life and death. Yama's place among restrainers is not simply an invitation to fear punishment; it evokes the boundaries and order that accompany mortal existence. Each name carries a history beyond this brief list.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह श्लोक समुद्र, नाग, पूर्वज और न्याय-संयम से जुड़ी पारंपरिक शक्तियों को एक क्रम में रखता है। अनंत या शेष दिव्य नाग के रूप में प्रसिद्ध हैं; यम मृत्यु और धर्म-न्याय से जुड़े हैं। ‘संयमताम्’ को केवल भय पैदा करने वाले दंड तक सीमित नहीं करना चाहिए; मर्यादा और व्यवस्था बनाए रखने का अर्थ भी महत्वपूर्ण है। नामों के अर्थ उनके धार्मिक साहित्य में और फैलते हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
प्रह्लादश्चास्मि दैत्यानां कालः कलयतामहम् । मृगाणां च मृगेन्द्रोऽहं वैनतेयश्च पक्षिणाम् ॥१०.३०॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among the Daityas I am Prahlāda, among those who reckon I am time, among beasts the lion, and among birds Garuḍa.
Roman reading
prahlaadashchaasmi daityaanaam kaalah kalayataamaham | mrigaanaam cha mrigendro’ham vainateyashcha pakshinaam ||10.30||prahlādaścāsmi daityānāṃ kālaḥ kalayatāmaham | mṛgāṇāṃ ca mṛgendro’haṃ vainateyaśca pakṣiṇām ||10.30||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Prahlāda is especially significant because he is a model of devotion within a lineage often portrayed as adversarial to the gods. Spiritual excellence, then, is not confined to a group's inherited reputation. Time, the lion, and Garuḍa supply different emblems of measure and power. The verse draws attention to unexpected places where excellence may appear.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
प्रह्लाद का उल्लेख विशेष ध्यान देने योग्य है: भक्तिभाव किसी कुल या समूह की सामान्य छवि से बँधा नहीं है। दैत्यों में जन्मे प्रह्लाद भक्ति के आदर्श हैं। काल माप और परिवर्तन की सीमा दिखाता है, जबकि सिंह और गरुड़ सामर्थ्य के प्रतीक हैं। इस तरह सूची सामाजिक पहचान, समय और प्राकृतिक शक्ति के अलग आयामों को जोड़ती है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
पवनः पवतामस्मि रामः शस्त्रभृतामहम् । झषाणां मकरश्चास्मि स्रोतसामस्मि जाह्नवी ॥१०.३१॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among purifying forces I am the wind, among weapon-bearers Rama, among aquatic creatures the makara, and among rivers the Gaṅgā.Among purifying forces I am the wind, among weapon-bearers Rāma, among aquatic creatures the makara, and among rivers the Gaṅgā.
Roman reading
pavanah pavataamasmi raamah shastrabhritaamaham | jhashaanaam makarashchaasmi srotasaamasmi jaahnavee ||10.31||pavanaḥ pavatāmasmi rāmaḥ śastrabhṛtāmaham | jhaṣāṇāṃ makaraścāsmi srotasāmasmi jāhnavī ||10.31||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Wind, Rama, the makara, and Gaṅgā draw on physical force, heroic memory, mythic aquatic imagery, and sacred geography. Rama is commonly understood as the epic hero, though interpretive traditions should be checked. Revering the Gaṅgā religiously does not remove practical responsibility for the river's environmental health; spiritual sanctity and measurable water quality are different claims.
Wind, Rāma, the makara, and Gaṅgā draw on physical force, heroic memory, mythic aquatic imagery, and sacred geography. Rāma is commonly understood as the epic hero, though interpretive traditions should be checked. Revering the Gaṅgā religiously does not remove practical responsibility for the river's environmental health; spiritual sanctity and measurable water quality are different claims.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
वायु की गति, राम का आदर्श नेतृत्व, मकर की जलचर-छवि और गंगा की धार्मिक पवित्रता इस श्लोक के अलग बिंब हैं। ‘राम’ की पहचान परंपरा में प्रायः श्रीराम से की जाती है, पर पाठ और भाष्य की दृष्टि से उसका स्पष्ट संदर्भ दर्ज करना चाहिए। गंगा का आध्यात्मिक सम्मान उसकी भौतिक स्वच्छता के बारे में किसी स्थायी वैज्ञानिक दावे का विकल्प नहीं है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
सर्गाणामादिरन्तश्च मध्यं चैवाहमर्जुन । अध्यात्मविद्या विद्यानां वादः प्रवदतामहम् ॥१०.३२॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Arjuna, I am the beginning, middle, and end of creations; among branches of knowledge I am the knowledge of the Self, and among disputants I am reasoned discussion.
Roman reading
sargaanaamaadirantashcha madhyam chaivaahamarjuna | adhyaatmavidyaa vidyaanaam vaadah pravadataamaham ||10.32||sargāṇāmādirantaśca madhyaṃ caivāhamarjuna | adhyātmavidyā vidyānāṃ vādaḥ pravadatāmaham ||10.32||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna includes intellectual disciplines among his manifestations. Adhyātma-vidyā concerns inquiry into the Self, while vāda evokes debate directed toward understanding rather than winning through sophistry. The teaching thus does not reduce spirituality to passive admiration of nature; clear questions and fair reasoning also belong to a meaningful search for truth.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यहाँ भगवान केवल प्रकृति के विशाल रूपों का उल्लेख नहीं करते; वे ज्ञान के क्षेत्र में ‘अध्यात्मविद्या’ को और चर्चा के क्षेत्र में ‘वाद’ को प्रमुख बताते हैं। भारतीय तर्कपरंपरा में वाद का आदर्श सत्य की खोज हेतु तर्कपूर्ण संवाद है, न कि किसी भी कीमत पर विपक्ष को हराना। इसलिए आध्यात्मिक दृष्टि का संबंध सोचने, प्रश्न करने और दूसरों को सुनने की क्षमता से जुड़ सकता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अक्षराणामकारोऽस्मि द्वन्द्वः सामासिकस्य च । अहमेवाक्षयः कालो धाताहं विश्वतोमुखः ॥१०.३३॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among letters I am the vowel A, among compounds the dual or copulative compound; I am imperishable time and the sustainer whose faces turn everywhere.
Roman reading
aksharaanaamakaaro’smi dvandvah saamaasikasya cha | ahamevaakshayah kaalo dhaataaham vishvatomukhah ||10.33||akṣarāṇāmakāro’smi dvandvaḥ sāmāsikasya ca | ahamevākṣayaḥ kālo dhātāhaṃ viśvatomukhaḥ ||10.33||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The vowel A and the dvandva compound link divine manifestation to language itself. Krishna then turns to imperishable time and the all-facing sustainer. The change of scale is striking—from the smallest unit of speech to the frame of existence. The statement is philosophical and symbolic rather than an assertion that one grammatical form is morally superior to others.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अकार को ध्वनियों में आधारभूत स्थान दिया जाता है; द्वंद्व समास दो या अधिक पदों की साझा स्थिति दिखाता है। फिर श्लोक भाषा से ब्रह्मांडीय समय और धारण करने वाली सत्ता तक पहुँचता है। ‘विश्वतोमुखः’ को बहुमुखी दृश्य रूपक की तरह भी पढ़ा जाता है: कोई एक दिशा दिव्य दृष्टि को सीमित नहीं कर सकती। यह संस्कृत व्याकरण और दर्शन के बीच सुंदर संबंध बनाता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
मृत्युः सर्वहरश्चाहमुद्भवश्च भविष्यताम् । कीर्तिः श्रीर्वाक्च नारीणां स्मृतिर्मेधा धृतिः क्षमा ॥१०.३४॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
I am death that takes away everything and the origin of things yet to come; among feminine excellences I am fame, beauty, speech, memory, intelligence, steadfastness, and forgiveness.
Roman reading
mrityuh sarvaharashchaahamudbhavashcha bhavishyataam | keertih shreervaakcha naareenaam smritirmedhaa dhritih kshamaa ||10.34||mṛtyuḥ sarvaharaścāhamudbhavaśca bhaviṣyatām | kīrtiḥ śrīrvākca nārīṇāṃ smṛtirmedhā dhṛtiḥ kṣamā ||10.34||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Death and the arising of future things are paired to show the scale of change. The second line lists feminine qualities or personified powers, including speech, memory, and steadfastness. It should not be used to confine women to a prescribed set of traits. Grammatical gender and the traditional personification of virtues are part of the verse's literary and religious context.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
मृत्यु और जन्म-संभावना को एक साथ रखने से जीवन की परिवर्तनशीलता सामने आती है। दूसरे चरण में कीर्ति, श्री, वाक्, स्मृति, मेधा, धृति और क्षमा के नाम आते हैं, जिन्हें स्त्रीलिंग रूपों में प्रतिष्ठित किया गया है। इन्हें केवल महिलाओं के गुण या स्त्रियों की सीमित भूमिकाएँ बताने के लिए उपयोग न करें; संस्कृत में व्याकरणिक स्त्रीलिंग और देवी-स्वरूपों की सांस्कृतिक परंपरा दोनों महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
बृहत्साम तथा साम्नां गायत्री छन्दसामहम् । मासानां मार्गशीर्षोऽहमृतूनां कुसुमाकरः ॥१०.३५॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among Sāma chants I am the Bṛhat-sāman, among metres the Gāyatrī, among months Mārgaśīrṣa, and among seasons the flowering spring.
Roman reading
brihatsaama tathaa saamnaam gaayatree chhandasaamaham | maasaanaam maargasheersho’hamritoonaam kusumaakarah ||10.35||bṛhatsāma tathā sāmnāṃ gāyatrī chandasāmaham | māsānāṃ mārgaśīrṣo’hamṛtūnāṃ kusumākaraḥ ||10.35||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Music, poetic metre, the calendar, and the flowering season become aids to contemplation. Gāyatrī here names a Vedic metre, not exclusively one particular famous mantra. Mārgaśīrṣa and spring locate the teaching in a traditional Indian seasonal imagination. The emphasis is on recognized splendour in cultural and natural rhythms.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
श्रीकृष्ण वैदिक संगीत, छंद, भारतीय पंचांग और प्रकृति के ऋतु-चक्र को एक ही क्रम में रखते हैं। गायत्री छंद का उल्लेख किसी एक आधुनिक लोकप्रिय मंत्र तक सीमित नहीं; वह वैदिक छंद की रचना-प्रणाली भी है। मार्गशीर्ष और वसंत पारंपरिक सांस्कृतिक समय की अनुभूति देते हैं। इन उदाहरणों से भक्ति का संबंध शब्द, संगीत और मौसम की सुंदरता से बनता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
द्यूतं छलयतामस्मि तेजस्तेजस्विनामहम् । जयोऽस्मि व्यवसायोऽस्मि सत्त्वं सत्त्ववतामहम् ॥१०.३६॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among those who deceive I am gambling, among the radiant brilliance, among victors victory, among the resolute resolve, and among the virtuous their goodness.
Roman reading
dyootam chhalayataamasmi tejastejasvinaamaham | jayo’smi vyavasaayo’smi sattvam sattvavataamaham ||10.36||dyūtaṃ chalayatāmasmi tejastejasvināmaham | jayo’smi vyavasāyo’smi sattvaṃ sattvavatāmaham ||10.36||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
“I am gambling among deceivers” is a difficult expression, not a recommendation to gamble or cheat. Krishna's catalogue recognizes striking power even in morally ambiguous domains. Elsewhere the Gita warns against greed and delusion. The reader should separate an acknowledgment of formidable influence from an ethical endorsement of how it is exercised.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
‘छल करने वालों में द्यूत’ को जुआ खेलने या धोखा देने का आदेश समझना गंभीर भूल होगी। श्रीकृष्ण यहाँ असाधारण आकर्षण और प्रभाव की भी बात कर रहे हैं, चाहे उसका उपयोग नैतिक हो या अनैतिक। गीता अन्य स्थानों पर लोभ और मोह से सावधान करती है। विजय, निश्चय और सत्त्व का उल्लेख दर्शाता है कि शक्ति और विवेक के बीच अंतर बनाए रखना जरूरी है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
वृष्णीनां वासुदेवोऽस्मि पाण्डवानां धनञ्जयः । मुनीनामप्यहं व्यासः कवीनामुशना कविः ॥१०.३७॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among the Vṛṣṇis I am Vāsudeva, among the Pāṇḍavas Dhanañjaya, among sages Vyāsa, and among poets Uśanas.
Roman reading
vrishneenaam vaasudevo’smi paandavaanaam dhananjayah | muneenaamapyaham vyaasah kaveenaamushanaa kavih ||10.37||vṛṣṇīnāṃ vāsudevo’smi pāṇḍavānāṃ dhanañjayaḥ | munīnāmapyahaṃ vyāsaḥ kavīnāmuśanā kaviḥ ||10.37||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Here the catalogue becomes personal. Krishna names Vāsudeva among his own lineage and Arjuna among the Pāṇḍavas, bringing the teaching into the immediate relationship between speaker and listener. Vyāsa and Uśanas supply models of learning and poetic intelligence. Calling someone a vibhūti is not a license to suspend critical judgment about their conduct.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह श्लोक अत्यंत व्यक्तिगत हो जाता है: श्रीकृष्ण स्वयं वृष्णियों में वासुदेव और पांडवों में सामने बैठे अर्जुन को अपनी विभूति कहते हैं। इससे अर्जुन के लिए उपदेश दूरस्थ पौराणिक वस्तुओं की सूची नहीं रहता। व्यास और उशना क्रमशः ऋषि-विचार और काव्यबुद्धि के उदाहरण हैं। किसी व्यक्ति की महानता समझते समय उसके कर्मों और संदर्भ की विवेकपूर्ण समीक्षा फिर भी आवश्यक है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
दण्डो दमयतामस्मि नीतिरस्मि जिगीषताम् । मौनं चैवास्मि गुह्यानां ज्ञानं ज्ञानवतामहम् ॥१०.३८॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Among those who discipline I am the rod of authority, among those seeking victory sound policy, among secrets silence, and among the wise knowledge.
Roman reading
dando damayataamasmi neetirasmi jigeeshataam | maunam chaivaasmi guhyaanaam jnaanam jnaanavataamaham ||10.38||daṇḍo damayatāmasmi nītirasmi jigīṣatām | maunaṃ caivāsmi guhyānāṃ jñānaṃ jñānavatāmaham ||10.38||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Discipline, policy, silence, and knowledge are different forms of effective power. Daṇḍa may signify legitimate authority, not indiscriminate violence; nīti indicates judicious strategy. Silence can protect what deserves discretion, but it must not become an excuse to conceal injustice. The verse invites reflection on the responsible use of speech, power, and understanding.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
शक्ति और शासन से संबंधित ‘दंड’ का अर्थ केवल हिंसा नहीं; न्यायपूर्ण व्यवस्था की क्षमता भी हो सकता है। ‘नीति’ सफलता हेतु विवेकपूर्ण योजना का संकेत है, जबकि ‘मौन’ बताता है कि हर सत्य हर समय बोलना आवश्यक नहीं। फिर भी मौन अन्याय छिपाने का बहाना नहीं बन सकता। इस तरह श्लोक अधिकार, रणनीति, संयम और वास्तविक ज्ञान के बीच संतुलन सोचने को प्रेरित करता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
यच्चापि सर्वभूतानां बीजं तदहमर्जुन । न तदस्ति विना यत्स्यान्मया भूतं चराचरम् ॥१०.३९॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Arjuna, whatever is the seed of all beings—that am I. No moving or unmoving being can exist apart from me.
Roman reading
yachchaapi sarvabhootaanaam beejam tadahamarjuna | na tadasti vinaa yatsyaanmayaa bhootam charaacharam ||10.39||yaccāpi sarvabhūtānāṃ bījaṃ tadahamarjuna | na tadasti vinā yatsyānmayā bhūtaṃ carācaram ||10.39||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The seed is a metaphor for origin and potential. Krishna describes himself as the source without which neither moving nor unmoving beings could exist. The inclusive phrase “moving and unmoving” widens attention beyond human or celebrated life. The theological claim may encourage reverence for existence; it is not offered as a technical biological explanation of reproduction.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
‘बीज’ कारण और संभावना का सुंदर रूपक है। छोटे बीज में विशाल वृक्ष की संभावना जैसे छिपी रहती है, वैसे ही श्रीकृष्ण समस्त प्राणियों के अस्तित्व का मूल अपने में बताते हैं। ‘चराचर’ में गतिशील और स्थिर दोनों प्रकार की सृष्टि शामिल है। इसका आशय प्रत्येक जीव के प्रति विस्मय और उत्तरदायित्व की भावना जगाना हो सकता है, न कि जीवविज्ञान का तकनीकी विवरण देना।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
नान्तोऽस्ति मम दिव्यानां विभूतीनां परन्तप । एष तूद्देशतः प्रोक्तो विभूतेर्विस्तरो मया ॥१०.४०॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Scorcher of foes, there is no end to my divine manifestations. I have described only a small indication of their vast range.
Roman reading
naanto’sti mama divyaanaam vibhooteenaam parantapa | esha tooddeshatah prokto vibhootervistaro mayaa ||10.40||nānto’sti mama divyānāṃ vibhūtīnāṃ parantapa | eṣa tūddeśataḥ prokto vibhūtervistaro mayā ||10.40||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Krishna explicitly limits his catalogue. It provides illustrations, not an exhaustive classification of sacred reality. The reader can shift from memorizing names to learning a contemplative habit: noticing extraordinary intelligence, beauty, strength, or compassion and asking what deeper source they might evoke. The final verses distil that insight into a general principle.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
श्रीकृष्ण अब अपने ही दिए उदाहरणों की सीमा स्पष्ट करते हैं। कोई सूची अनंत को पूरी तरह समेट नहीं सकती। इससे साधक का ध्यान सूची में नाम गिनने से हटकर देखने की पद्धति पर आता है: जहाँ असाधारण शक्ति, ज्ञान, सौंदर्य या करुणा मिले, वहाँ दिव्य स्रोत को स्मरण किया जा सकता है। आगे के दो श्लोक इसी निष्कर्ष को और संक्षिप्त तथा गहरा बनाते हैं।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
यद्यद्विभूतिमत्सत्त्वं श्रीमदूर्जितमेव वा । तत्तदेवावगच्छ त्वं मम तेजोंऽशसम्भवम् ॥१०.४१॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Whatever possesses exceptional majesty, beauty, or strength—know it to arise from a portion of my radiance.
Roman reading
yadyadvibhootimatsattvam shreemadoorjitameva vaa | tattadevaavagachchha tvam mama tejom’shasambhavam ||10.41||yadyadvibhūtimatsattvaṃ śrīmadūrjitameva vā | tattadevāvagaccha tvaṃ mama tejoṃ’śasambhavam ||10.41||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
This is the key to the whole catalogue. Each remarkable excellence is presented as a trace of divine splendour rather than the totality of the divine. It follows that admiration should not turn into uncritical worship of talent, wealth, or political force. A partial manifestation remains partial, and ethical discernment is still needed when judging those who possess striking power.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
यह पूरे विभूति-योग की व्याख्यात्मक कुंजी है। श्रीकृष्ण कई विशिष्ट नाम लेने के बाद सामान्य सिद्धांत देते हैं: महानता के पीछे भी दिव्य तेज की झलक हो सकती है। इसका अर्थ यह नहीं कि सामर्थ्यवान व्यक्ति नैतिक रूप से निर्दोष हो जाता है। श्लोक ध्यान की दृष्टि सिखाता है, जिससे प्रशंसा के साथ विवेक भी बना रह सकता है।
Original / source text
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अथवा बहुनैतेन किं ज्ञातेन तवार्जुन । विष्टभ्याहमिदं कृत्स्नमेकांशेन स्थितो जगत् ॥१०.४२॥
ShivGoraksh English Translation
Or, Arjuna, what need is there for so much detail? I stand sustaining this entire universe with but a single portion of myself.
Roman reading
athavaa bahunaitena kim jnaatena tavaarjuna | vishtabhyaahamidam kritsnamekaamshena sthito jagat ||10.42||athavā bahunaitena kiṃ jñātena tavārjuna | viṣṭabhyāhamidaṃ kṛtsnamekāṃśena sthito jagat ||10.42||
Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
The closing line deliberately puts the catalogue in perspective. Every named manifestation is a useful sign, yet the universe itself is said to be upheld by only one portion of Krishna's reality. Ekāṁśena is a theological expression, not a quantifiable fraction in physics. The chapter ends by moving the listener beyond fascination with individual wonders toward the greater reality those wonders suggest.
Other languages and readings
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
अध्याय एक प्रभावशाली प्रश्न के साथ समाप्त होता है। इतने सारे उदाहरण जानने के बाद भी साधक को याद रखना चाहिए कि वे अनंत का सीमित संकेत हैं। ‘एकांशेन’ दिव्य महत्ता और जगत के संबंध को व्यक्त करने वाला दार्शनिक कथन है; इसे मापी जा सकने वाली भौतिक मात्रा न समझें। अर्जुन के लिए संदेश है कि हर विभूति उपयोगी हो सकती है, पर किसी एक रूप को समग्र सत्य नहीं मानना चाहिए।
About this edition · Sources & references
Bhagavad Gita · ASS45 (1901) · Initial editorial V1
This is an educational edition; independent textual and specialist review remains incomplete.
Original text, translations and explanations remain separate readings. Shared passages appear once with their complete references.
10.1 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.1 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.1 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.1 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.1 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
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10.2 — Original / source text
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10.2 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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10.2 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.2 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.2 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
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10.3 — Original / source text
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10.3 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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10.3 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
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10.3 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
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10.3 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
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10.4 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
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10.4 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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10.4 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.4 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
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10.4 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
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10.5 — Original / source text
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10.5 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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10.5 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.5 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
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10.5 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
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10.6 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.6 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.6 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.6 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.6 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.7 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.7 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.7 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.7 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.7 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.8 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.8 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.8 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.8 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.8 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.9 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.9 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.9 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.9 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.9 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.10 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.10 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.10 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.10 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.10 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.11 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.11 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.11 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.11 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.11 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.12 — Original / source text
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.12 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.12 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.12 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.12 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.13 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.13 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.13 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.13 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.13 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.14 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.14 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.14 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.14 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.14 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.15 — Original / source text
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.15 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.15 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.15 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.15 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.16 — Original / source text
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.16 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.16 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.16 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.16 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.17 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.17 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.17 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.17 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.17 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.18 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.18 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.18 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.18 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.18 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.19 — Original / source text
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.19 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.19 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.19 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.19 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.20 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.20 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.20 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.20 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.20 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.21 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.21 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.21 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.21 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.21 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.22 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.22 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.22 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.22 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.22 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.23 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.23 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.23 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.23 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.23 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.24 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.24 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.24 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.24 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.24 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.25 — Original / source text
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.25 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.25 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.25 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.25 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.26 — Original / source text
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.26 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.26 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.26 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.26 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.27 — Original / source text
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.27 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.27 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.27 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.27 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.28 — Original / source text
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.28 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.28 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.28 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.28 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.29 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.29 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.29 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.29 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.29 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.30 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.30 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.30 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.30 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.30 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.31 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.31 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.31 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.31 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.31 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.32 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.32 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.32 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.32 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.32 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.33 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.33 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.33 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.33 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.33 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.34 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.34 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.34 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.34 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.34 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.35 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.35 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.35 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.35 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.35 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.36 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.36 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.36 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.36 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.36 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.37 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.37 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.37 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.37 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.37 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.38 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.38 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
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Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.38 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.38 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.38 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.39 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.39 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.39 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.39 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.39 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.40 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.40 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.40 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.40 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.40 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.41 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.41 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.41 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.41 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.41 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.42 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.42 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.42 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.42 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
10.42 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization



