Chapter 3

The Defeat of MahiṣāsuraThe Defeat of Mahiṣāsura

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3.1

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ऋषिरुवाच

The sage speaks.

Roman reading

rishiruvaachaṛṣiruvāca

Explanation

This is a separately counted speaker formula announcing Medhas’s narration; it is not an additional metrical battle verse.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह मेधा ऋषि के कथन का संकेत देने वाला अलग से गिना गया वक्ता-मन्त्र है; इसे युद्ध-वर्णन का नया पूरा श्लोक नहीं समझना चाहिए।

3.2

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

निहन्यमानं तत्सैन्यमवलोक्य महासुरः । सेनानीश्चिक्षुरः कोपाद्ययौ योद्धुमथाम्बिकाम्

Seeing his army destroyed, the mighty asura commander Cikṣura became enraged and advanced to fight Ambikā.

Roman reading

nihanyamaanam tatsainyamavalokya mahaasurah | senaaneeshchikshurah kopaadyayau yoddhumathaambikaamnihanyamānaṃ tatsainyamavalokya mahāsuraḥ | senānīścikṣuraḥ kopādyayau yoddhumathāmbikām

Explanation

The story narrows from the general defeat of the host in Chapter 2 to a direct confrontation with its leaders. Cikṣura’s anger initiates the next stage.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

दूसरे अध्याय की सामूहिक सेना-पराजय के बाद कथा सेनापतियों के सीधे संघर्ष पर आती है। चिक्षुर का क्रोध अगले युद्ध का आरम्भ बनता है।

3.3

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

स देवीं शरवर्षेण ववर्ष समरेऽसुरः । यथा मेरुगिरेः श‍ृङ्गं तोयवर्षेण तोयदः

In battle the asura rained arrows upon the Goddess, as a rain cloud showers water over Mount Meru’s summit.

Roman reading

sa deveem sharavarshena vavarsha samare’surah | yathaa merugireh sha‍ृngam toyavarshena toyadahsa devīṃ śaravarṣeṇa vavarṣa samare’suraḥ | yathā merugireḥ śaृṅgaṃ toyavarṣeṇa toyadaḥ

Explanation

The mountain-and-rain comparison conveys the abundance of arrows, not a literal meteorological event. It sets up the Goddess’s effortless response.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

मेरु और वर्षा की उपमा असंख्य बाणों के वेग को दिखाती है, कोई वास्तविक मौसम-घटना नहीं। इसके सामने देवी की सहज प्रतिक्रिया उभरती है।

3.4

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

तस्य छित्वा ततो देवी लीलयैव शरोत्करान्। जघान तुरगान्बाणैर्यन्तारं चैव वाजिनाम्

The Goddess casually cut down his multitude of arrows and struck his horses and their driver with her own shafts.

Roman reading

tasya chhitvaa tato devee leelayaiva sharotkaraan| jaghaana turagaanbaanairyantaaram chaiva vaajinaamtasya chitvā tato devī līlayaiva śarotkarān| jaghāna turagānbāṇairyantāraṃ caiva vājinām

Explanation

The contrast between his violent assault and her apparent ease is characteristic of this battle narrative. Disabling the chariot’s support changes the fight.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

असुर के तीव्र आक्रमण के सामने देवी की सहजता कथा का प्रमुख विरोधाभास है। रथ के सहायक साधनों को नष्ट करने से युद्ध की स्थिति बदलती है।

3.5

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

चिच्छेद च धनुः सद्यो ध्वजं चातिसमुच्छृतम्। विव्याध चैव गात्रेषु छिन्नधन्वानमाशुगैः

She immediately severed his bow and lofty banner, then pierced the bowless warrior’s body with swift arrows.

Roman reading

chichchheda cha dhanuh sadyo dhvajam chaatisamuchchhritam| vivyaadha chaiva gaatreshu chhinnadhanvaanamaashugaihciccheda ca dhanuḥ sadyo dhvajaṃ cātisamucchṛtam| vivyādha caiva gātreṣu chinnadhanvānamāśugaiḥ

Explanation

Bow and banner represent both fighting power and martial standing. Once stripped of them, the commander must change tactics.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

धनुष युद्ध-सामर्थ्य और ध्वजा सेनानायक की प्रतिष्ठा का चिह्न है। दोनों छिन जाने पर उसे युद्ध की दूसरी पद्धति अपनानी पड़ती है।

3.6

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

सच्छिन्नधन्वा विरथो हताश्वो हतसारथिः । अभ्यधावत तां देवीं खड्गचर्मधरोऽसुरः

With his bow broken, chariot lost, horses and charioteer slain, the asura rushed at the Goddess carrying sword and shield.

Roman reading

sachchhinnadhanvaa viratho hataashvo hatasaarathih | abhyadhaavata taam deveem khadgacharmadharo’surahsacchinnadhanvā viratho hatāśvo hatasārathiḥ | abhyadhāvata tāṃ devīṃ khaḍgacarmadharo’suraḥ

Explanation

The encounter shifts from distance weapons to close combat. The sequence emphasizes the commander’s persistence despite repeated defeats.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

युद्ध अब दूर से चलने वाले बाणों से निकट संघर्ष में बदलता है। लगातार क्षति के बाद भी सेनापति आक्रमण जारी रखता है।

3.7

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

सिंहमाहत्य खड्गेन तीक्ष्णधारेण मूर्धनि । आजघान भुजे सव्ये देवीमप्यतिवेगवान्

He struck the lion’s head with his sharp sword and swiftly attacked the Goddess’s left arm.

Roman reading

simhamaahatya khadgena teekshnadhaarena moordhani | aajaghaana bhuje savye deveemapyativegavaansiṃhamāhatya khaḍgena tīkṣṇadhāreṇa mūrdhani | ājaghāna bhuje savye devīmapyativegavān

Explanation

The lion is the Goddess’s mount and ally. The blow against him and then her arm intensifies the immediate danger in the story.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

सिंह देवी का वाहन और युद्ध-सहयोगी है। पहले सिंह और फिर देवी की भुजा पर प्रहार से कथा में संघर्ष की तीव्रता बढ़ती है।

3.8

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

तस्याः खड्गो भुजं प्राप्य पफाल नृपनन्दन । ततो जग्राह शूलं स कोपादरुणलोचनः

When his sword met her arm it shattered, O prince. Red-eyed with anger, he then seized a spear.

Roman reading

tasyaah khadgo bhujam praapya paphaala nripanandana | tato jagraaha shoolam sa kopaadarunalochanahtasyāḥ khaḍgo bhujaṃ prāpya paphāla nṛpanandana | tato jagrāha śūlaṃ sa kopādaruṇalocanaḥ

Explanation

Medhas’s address to the prince reminds us that Suratha is hearing this ancient account. The shattered weapon signals that ordinary force cannot overwhelm her.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

मेधा का ‘हे राजकुमार’ संबोधन याद दिलाता है कि राजा सुरथ यह कथा सुन रहे हैं। तलवार का टूटना देवी के सामने असुर-बल की निष्फलता दिखाता है।

3.9

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

चिक्षेप च ततस्तत्तु भद्रकाल्यां महासुरः । जाज्वल्यमानं तेजोभी रविबिम्बमिवाम्बरात्

The great asura hurled the blazing spear at Bhadrakālī; shining with brilliance, it resembled the sun’s disc falling from the sky.

Roman reading

chikshepa cha tatastattu bhadrakaalyaam mahaasurah | jaajvalyamaanam tejobhee ravibimbamivaambaraatcikṣepa ca tatastattu bhadrakālyāṃ mahāsuraḥ | jājvalyamānaṃ tejobhī ravibimbamivāmbarāt

Explanation

Bhadrakālī is a name of the Goddess in this passage. The solar simile suggests the projectile’s dazzling appearance and menace.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

इस प्रसंग में भद्रकाली देवी का ही नाम है। सूर्य जैसी उपमा फेंके गए शूल की प्रचण्ड चमक और भयावहता व्यक्त करती है।

3.10

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Medhas (Ṛṣi)

दृष्ट्वा तदापतच्छूलं देवी शूलममुञ्चत । तेन तच्छतधा नीतं शूलं स च महासुरः

Seeing the spear approaching, the Goddess launched her own spear; it shattered the incoming weapon into hundreds of pieces and destroyed the mighty asura.

Roman reading

drishtvaa tadaapatachchhoolam devee shoolamamunchata | tena tachchhatadhaa neetam shoolam sa cha mahaasurahdṛṣṭvā tadāpatacchūlaṃ devī śūlamamuñcata | tena tacchatadhā nītaṃ śūlaṃ sa ca mahāsuraḥ

Explanation

The Sanskrit joins the fate of the weapon and its wielder. The commander’s defeat prepares the arrival of the next warrior, Cāmara.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

संस्कृत पाठ में शत्रु-शूल और उसे चलाने वाले दोनों का अन्त साथ बताया गया है। इसके बाद अगला सेनानायक चामर प्रवेश करता है।

3.11

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

हते तस्मिन्महावीर्ये महिषस्य चमूपतौ । आजगाम गजारूढश्चामरस्त्रिदशार्दनः

After that mighty commander of Mahisha was slain, Cāmara, the tormentor of the gods, approached mounted on an elephant.After that mighty commander of Mahiṣa was slain, Cāmara, the tormentor of the gods, approached mounted on an elephant.

Roman reading

hate tasminmahaaveerye mahishasya chamoopatau | aajagaama gajaaroodhashchaamarastridashaardanahhate tasminmahāvīrye mahiṣasya camūpatau | ājagāma gajārūḍhaścāmarastridaśārdanaḥ

Explanation

Cāmara is introduced as a distinct warrior, not a continuation of Cikṣura. The elephant changes the physical setting of the battle.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

चामर नया योद्धा है; उसे चिक्षुर का दूसरा नाम नहीं मानना चाहिए। हाथी के आने से युद्ध के दृश्य और संघर्ष की स्थिति बदलती है।

3.12

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

सोऽपि शक्तिं मुमोचाथ देव्यास्तामम्बिका द्रुतम्। हुङ्काराभिहतां भूमौ पातयामास निष्प्रभाम्

He cast his spear at the Goddess, but Ambikā struck it with a powerful humkāra, causing it to fall powerless to the ground.

Roman reading

so’pi shaktim mumochaatha devyaastaamambikaa drutam| hunkaaraabhihataam bhoomau paatayaamaasa nishprabhaamso’pi śaktiṃ mumocātha devyāstāmambikā drutam| huṅkārābhihatāṃ bhūmau pātayāmāsa niṣprabhām

Explanation

Here the divine sound is portrayed as effective power. The term shakti in this immediate context means a thrown weapon rather than an abstract principle.

Here the divine sound is portrayed as effective power. The term śakti in this immediate context means a thrown weapon rather than an abstract principle.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ देवी का हुंकार प्रभावी शक्ति के रूप में चित्रित है। इस स्थान पर ‘शक्ति’ शब्द का आशय फेंके जाने वाले अस्त्र से है।

3.13

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

भग्नां शक्तिं निपतितां दृष्ट्वा क्रोधसमन्वितः । चिक्षेप चामरः शूलं बाणैस्तदपि साच्छिनत्

Seeing his spear broken and fallen, Cāmara angrily hurled a trident; the Goddess cut that weapon apart with arrows.

Roman reading

bhagnaam shaktim nipatitaam drishtvaa krodhasamanvitah | chikshepa chaamarah shoolam baanaistadapi saachchhinatbhagnāṃ śaktiṃ nipatitāṃ dṛṣṭvā krodhasamanvitaḥ | cikṣepa cāmaraḥ śūlaṃ bāṇaistadapi sācchinat

Explanation

The sequence repeats the failure of the asura’s missiles. Divine resistance is displayed through sound and then arrows, not through a single fixed weapon.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

असुर के फेंके हुए अस्त्र बार-बार निष्फल होते हैं। देवी का प्रतिकार पहले हुंकार और फिर बाणों से होता है; उनका सामर्थ्य एक अस्त्र तक सीमित नहीं है।

3.14

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ततः सिंहः समुत्पत्य गजकुम्भान्तरे स्थितः । बाहुयुद्धेन युयुधे तेनोच्चैस्त्रिदशारिणा

The lion leapt up between the elephant’s frontal lobes and fiercely fought the enemy of the gods at close quarters.

Roman reading

tatah simhah samutpatya gajakumbhaantare sthitah | baahuyuddhena yuyudhe tenochchaistridashaarinaatataḥ siṃhaḥ samutpatya gajakumbhāntare sthitaḥ | bāhuyuddhena yuyudhe tenoccaistridaśāriṇā

Explanation

The Goddess’s lion is an active participant, not merely a decorative mount. The image of the elephant’s forehead is a specific detail of the combat.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

देवी का सिंह केवल शोभा का वाहन नहीं, युद्ध में सक्रिय सहायक है। हाथी के मस्तक के बीच पहुँचने का वर्णन संघर्ष की निकटता दिखाता है।

3.15

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

युध्यमानौ ततस्तौ तु तस्मान्नागान्महीं गतौ । युयुधातेऽतिसंरब्धौ प्रहारैरतिदारुणैः

As they struggled, both fell from the elephant to the ground and fought furiously, exchanging severe blows.

Roman reading

yudhyamaanau tatastau tu tasmaannaagaanmaheem gatau | yuyudhaate’tisamrabdhau prahaarairatidaarunaihyudhyamānau tatastau tu tasmānnāgānmahīṃ gatau | yuyudhāte’tisaṃrabdhau prahārairatidāruṇaiḥ

Explanation

The shift from elephant-back to the ground continues the lion–Cāmara duel. The text does not yet present the Goddess herself as striking the final blow.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

हाथी से भूमि पर गिरना सिंह और चामर के द्वन्द्व को आगे बढ़ाता है। इस क्षण अन्तिम प्रहार स्वयं देवी का नहीं, सिंह का होना बाकी है।

3.16

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ततो वेगात्खमुत्पत्य निपत्य च मृगारिणा । करप्रहारेण शिरश्चामरस्य पृथक् कृतम्

The lion sprang rapidly into the air and, descending, severed Cāmara’s head with a blow of its paw.

Roman reading

tato vegaatkhamutpatya nipatya cha mrigaarinaa | karaprahaarena shirashchaamarasya prithak kritamtato vegātkhamutpatya nipatya ca mṛgāriṇā | karaprahāreṇa śiraścāmarasya pṛthak kṛtam

Explanation

The vivid conclusion singles out the lion’s agency. The narrative accords martial effectiveness to the Goddess’s attendants as well as to the Goddess.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

इस स्पष्ट परिणाम में सिंह का अपना पराक्रम सामने आता है। कथा देवी के साथ-साथ उनके वाहन और सहायक गणों को भी प्रभावकारी दिखाती है।

3.17

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

उदग्रश्च रणे देव्या शिलावृक्षादिभिर्हतः । दन्तमुष्टितलैश्चैव करालश्च निपातितः

Udagra was killed in battle by the Goddess with rocks and trees; Karāla was brought down with blows of teeth, fists and palms.

Roman reading

udagrashcha rane devyaa shilaavrikshaadibhirhatah | dantamushtitalaishchaiva karaalashcha nipaatitahudagraśca raṇe devyā śilāvṛkṣādibhirhataḥ | dantamuṣṭitalaiścaiva karālaśca nipātitaḥ

Explanation

The catalogue moves quickly through named warriors and varied modes of combat. It should be read as a condensed battle narrative, not a systematic martial manual.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अब कथा अनेक नामित योद्धाओं और भिन्न युद्ध-पद्धतियों का संक्षिप्त वर्णन करती है। इसे युद्धकला के क्रमबद्ध निर्देश की तरह नहीं पढ़ना चाहिए।

3.18

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

देवी क्रुद्धा गदापातैश्चूर्णयामास चोद्धतम्। बाष्कलं भिन्दिपालेन बाणैस्ताम्रं तथान्धकम्

In anger the Goddess crushed Uddhata with blows of her mace, killed Bāṣkala with a bhindipāla, and struck down Tāmra and Andhaka with arrows.

Roman reading

devee kruddhaa gadaapaataishchoornayaamaasa choddhatam| baashkalam bhindipaalena baanaistaamram tathaandhakamdevī kruddhā gadāpātaiścūrṇayāmāsa coddhatam| bāṣkalaṃ bhindipālena bāṇaistāmraṃ tathāndhakam

Explanation

Named enemies are associated with distinct weapons; the bhindipāla is a traditional projectile or striking implement whose exact form varies across descriptions.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कथा में अलग-अलग असुरों के लिए अलग आयुध बताए गए हैं। ‘भिन्दिपाल’ पारम्परिक युद्धास्त्र है, जिसकी आकृति के विवरण अलग स्रोतों में भिन्न मिलते हैं।

3.19

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

उग्रास्यमुग्रवीर्यं च तथैव च महाहनुम्। त्रिनेत्रा च त्रिशूलेन जघान परमेश्वरी

The three-eyed supreme Goddess slew Ugrāsya, Ugravīrya and Mahāhanu with her trident.

Roman reading

ugraasyamugraveeryam cha tathaiva cha mahaahanum| trinetraa cha trishoolena jaghaana parameshvareeugrāsyamugravīryaṃ ca tathaiva ca mahāhanum| trinetrā ca triśūlena jaghāna parameśvarī

Explanation

The three eyes and trident are significant iconographic features. The three named adversaries should remain individually identifiable in the translation.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

तीन नेत्र और त्रिशूल देवी की महत्त्वपूर्ण रूप-विशेषताएँ हैं। तीनों असुरों के नाम अनुवाद में अलग-अलग पहचाने जाने चाहिए।

3.20

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Medhas (Ṛṣi)

बिडालस्यासिना कायात्पातयामास वै शिरः । दुर्धरं दुर्मुखं चोभौ शरैर्निन्ये यमक्षयम्

She severed Biḍāla’s head from his body with her sword and sent both Durdhara and Durmukha to Yama’s dwelling with arrows.

Roman reading

bidaalasyaasinaa kaayaatpaatayaamaasa vai shirah | durdharam durmukham chobhau sharairninye yamakshayambiḍālasyāsinā kāyātpātayāmāsa vai śiraḥ | durdharaṃ durmukhaṃ cobhau śarairninye yamakṣayam

Explanation

‘Yama’s dwelling’ is a poetic expression for death in this context. This unit concludes the sequence of individually named commanders.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ ‘यमलोक भेजना’ मृत्यु का काव्यात्मक संकेत है। इस इकाई के साथ नाम लेकर बताए गए सेनापतियों का क्रम पूरा होता है।

3.21

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

एवं सङ्क्षीयमाणे तु स्वसैन्ये महिषासुरः । माहिषेण स्वरूपेण त्रासयामास तान्गणान्

When his army was being destroyed in this way, Mahishasura himself terrified the Goddess’s attendants in his buffalo form.When his army was being destroyed in this way, Mahiṣāsura himself terrified the Goddess’s attendants in his buffalo form.

Roman reading

evam sanksheeyamaane tu svasainye mahishaasurah | maahishena svaroopena traasayaamaasa taanganaanevaṃ saṅkṣīyamāṇe tu svasainye mahiṣāsuraḥ | māhiṣeṇa svarūpeṇa trāsayāmāsa tāngaṇān

Explanation

The antagonist now enters the field directly. His buffalo form is fundamental to the chapter and to the familiar Mahiṣāsuramardinī imagery.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अब मुख्य विरोधी स्वयं रणभूमि में आता है। महिषासुर का भैंसे का रूप इस अध्याय और महिषासुरमर्दिनी की प्रसिद्ध प्रतिमा-परम्परा का आधार है।

3.22

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

कांश्चित्तुण्डप्रहारेण खुरक्षेपैस्तथापरान्। लाङ्गूलताडितांश्चान्यान्श‍ृङ्गाभ्यां च विदारितान्

He struck some with his muzzle, tossed others with his hooves, beat others with his tail and tore still others with his horns.

Roman reading

kaamshchittundaprahaarena khurakshepaistathaaparaan| laangoolataaditaamshchaanyaansha‍ृngaabhyaam cha vidaaritaankāṃścittuṇḍaprahāreṇa khurakṣepaistathāparān| lāṅgūlatāḍitāṃścānyānśaृṅgābhyāṃ ca vidāritān

Explanation

The series of bodily weapons stresses the buffalo’s overwhelming physical force. The violent imagery belongs to the supernatural battle account.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

शरीर के अनेक अंगों को हथियार बनाना महिष के प्रचण्ड शारीरिक बल का चित्रण है। यह हिंसक विवरण अलौकिक पौराणिक युद्ध का हिस्सा है।

3.23

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

वेगेन कांश्चिदपरान्नादेन भ्रमणेन च । निःश्वासपवनेनान्यान्पातयामास भूतले

He threw down others by charging speed, bellowing, circling and the blast of his breath.

Roman reading

vegena kaamshchidaparaannaadena bhramanena cha | nihshvaasapavanenaanyaanpaatayaamaasa bhootalevegena kāṃścidaparānnādena bhramaṇena ca | niḥśvāsapavanenānyānpātayāmāsa bhūtale

Explanation

The threat reaches beyond direct blows: movement, sound and breath all become destructive forces in the description.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ खतरा केवल सींग या खुर के प्रहार में नहीं है; गति, शब्द और साँस तक विनाशकारी सामर्थ्य के रूप में सामने आते हैं।

3.24

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

निपात्य प्रमथानीकमभ्यधावत सोऽसुरः । सिंहं हन्तुं महादेव्याः कोपं चक्रे ततोऽम्बिका

After felling the host of attendants, the asura rushed toward the great Goddess’s lion to kill him; Ambikā then became angry.

Roman reading

nipaatya pramathaaneekamabhyadhaavata so’surah | simham hantum mahaadevyaah kopam chakre tato’mbikaanipātya pramathānīkamabhyadhāvata so’suraḥ | siṃhaṃ hantuṃ mahādevyāḥ kopaṃ cakre tato’mbikā

Explanation

Attacking the lion sharpens the personal confrontation. The Goddess’s anger is narrated as her response to a mounting assault.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

सिंह पर आक्रमण के साथ युद्ध और निकट आता है। देवी का क्रोध बढ़ते हुए प्रहार का उत्तर है, कोई सामान्य आचरण-विधि नहीं।

3.25

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

सोऽपि कोपान्महावीर्यः खुरक्षुण्णमहीतलः । श‍ृङ्गाभ्यां पर्वतानुच्चांश्चिक्षेप च ननाद च

Maddened and powerful, he gouged the ground with his hooves, flung tall mountains with his horns and roared.

Roman reading

so’pi kopaanmahaaveeryah khurakshunnamaheetalah | sha‍ृngaabhyaam parvataanuchchaamshchikshepa cha nanaada chaso’pi kopānmahāvīryaḥ khurakṣuṇṇamahītalaḥ | śaृṅgābhyāṃ parvatānuccāṃścikṣepa ca nanāda ca

Explanation

The hyperbolic cosmic scale marks Mahishasura as more than an ordinary buffalo. It heightens the difficulty of the Goddess’s encounter.

The hyperbolic cosmic scale marks Mahiṣāsura as more than an ordinary buffalo. It heightens the difficulty of the Goddess’s encounter.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

धरती और पर्वतों पर उसके प्रभाव का अतिशयोक्तिपूर्ण चित्रण बताता है कि यह साधारण भैंसा नहीं है। इससे देवी के सामने चुनौती की विशालता व्यक्त होती है।

3.26

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

वेगभ्रमणविक्षुण्णा मही तस्य व्यशीर्यत । लाङ्गूलेनाहतश्चाब्धिः प्लावयामास सर्वतः

The earth was torn by the force of his circling, and the sea, struck by his tail, flooded everywhere.

Roman reading

vegabhramanavikshunnaa mahee tasya vyasheeryata | laangoolenaahatashchaabdhih plaavayaamaasa sarvatahvegabhramaṇavikṣuṇṇā mahī tasya vyaśīryata | lāṅgūlenāhataścābdhiḥ plāvayāmāsa sarvataḥ

Explanation

Earth and ocean are drawn into the upheaval. Such mythic language communicates cosmic disorder, not observations meant for physical measurement.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

पृथ्वी और समुद्र भी इस उत्पात में सम्मिलित बताए गए हैं। यह मिथकीय भाषा विश्वव्यापी अव्यवस्था दिखाती है, भौतिक मापन का दावा नहीं करती।

3.27

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

धुतश‍ृङ्गविभिन्नाश्च खण्डं खण्डं ययुर्घनाः । श्वासानिलास्ताः शतशो निपेतुर्नभसोऽचलाः

Clouds broke apart under the blows of his tossing horns, while mountains fell from the sky in hundreds, borne by the winds of his breath.

Roman reading

dhutasha‍ृngavibhinnaashcha khandam khandam yayurghanaah | shvaasaanilaastaah shatasho nipeturnabhaso’chalaahdhutaśaृṅgavibhinnāśca khaṇḍaṃ khaṇḍaṃ yayurghanāḥ | śvāsānilāstāḥ śataśo nipeturnabhaso’calāḥ

Explanation

The narrative piles together sky, clouds, wind and mountains to portray uncontrolled force. Its imagery is deliberately immense.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

आकाश, मेघ, वायु और पर्वत का एकत्र वर्णन अनियंत्रित शक्ति का विशाल चित्र रचता है। इन दृश्यों का पैमाना जानबूझकर अलौकिक है।

3.28

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

इति क्रोधसमाध्मातमापतन्तं महासुरम्। दृष्ट्वा सा चण्डिका कोपं तद्वधाय तदाकरोत्

Seeing the great asura approaching, swollen with rage, Chandika herself grew wrathful and resolved to destroy him.Seeing the great asura approaching, swollen with rage, Caṇḍikā herself grew wrathful and resolved to destroy him.

Roman reading

iti krodhasamaadhmaatamaapatantam mahaasuram| drishtvaa saa Chandika kopam tadvadhaaya tadaakarotiti krodhasamādhmātamāpatantaṃ mahāsuram| dṛṣṭvā sā caṇḍikā kopaṃ tadvadhāya tadākarot

Explanation

The opposition now becomes direct: his fury meets her decision to end the conflict. The text identifies the Goddess as Chandika.

The opposition now becomes direct: his fury meets her decision to end the conflict. The text identifies the Goddess as Caṇḍikā.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अब संघर्ष आमने-सामने है: असुर के उन्माद के सामने देवी का निर्णायक संकल्प आता है। यहाँ देवी को ‘चण्डिका’ कहा गया है।

3.29

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

सा क्षिप्त्वा तस्य वै पाशं तं बबन्ध महासुरम्। तत्याज माहिषं रूपं सोऽपि बद्धो महामृधे

She cast her noose around the great asura and bound him in the fierce battle; when bound, he abandoned his buffalo form.

Roman reading

saa kshiptvaa tasya vai paasham tam babandha mahaasuram| tatyaaja maahisham roopam so’pi baddho mahaamridhesā kṣiptvā tasya vai pāśaṃ taṃ babandha mahāsuram| tatyāja māhiṣaṃ rūpaṃ so’pi baddho mahāmṛdhe

Explanation

The noose begins a sequence of rapid transformations. A changing body does not amount to the opponent’s surrender.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

पाश से बँधने के बाद रूप-परिवर्तन की श्रृंखला आरम्भ होती है। शरीर बदलना असुर के समर्पण का संकेत नहीं है।

3.30

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Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ततः सिंहोऽभवत्सद्यो यावत्तस्याम्बिका शिरः । छिनत्ति तावत्पुरुषः खड्गपाणिरदृश्यत

He instantly became a lion; even as Ambikā was about to cut off that form’s head, a sword-bearing man appeared.

Roman reading

tatah simho’bhavatsadyo yaavattasyaambikaa shirah | chhinatti taavatpurushah khadgapaaniradrishyatatataḥ siṃho’bhavatsadyo yāvattasyāmbikā śiraḥ | chinatti tāvatpuruṣaḥ khaḍgapāṇiradṛśyata

Explanation

The enemy’s shifting forms create successive false endings. The lion here is Mahishasura’s disguise, distinct from the Goddess’s own lion.

The enemy’s shifting forms create successive false endings. The lion here is Mahiṣāsura’s disguise, distinct from the Goddess’s own lion.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

लगातार रूप बदलने से हर बार युद्ध का अन्त टलता है। यहाँ ‘सिंह’ महिषासुर का बदला हुआ रूप है, देवी के अपने वाहन से अलग।

3.31

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

तत एवाशु पुरुषं देवी चिच्छेद सायकैः । तं खड्गचर्मणा सार्धं ततः सोऽभून्महागजः

The Goddess swiftly pierced the man and his sword and shield with arrows; then he became a huge elephant.

Roman reading

tata evaashu purusham devee chichchheda saayakaih | tam khadgacharmanaa saardham tatah so’bhoonmahaagajahtata evāśu puruṣaṃ devī ciccheda sāyakaiḥ | taṃ khaḍgacarmaṇā sārdhaṃ tataḥ so’bhūnmahāgajaḥ

Explanation

The transformation follows immediately after another failed assault. Translations should keep the succession of human and elephant forms clear.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

एक और आक्रमण विफल होते ही रूप बदल जाता है। अनुवाद में पुरुष-रूप से हाथी-रूप तक का क्रम स्पष्ट रहना चाहिए।

3.32

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

करेण च महासिंहं तं चकर्ष जगर्ज च । कर्षतस्तु करं देवी खड्गेन निरकृन्तत

With his trunk the elephant seized and dragged the great lion, roaring; as he pulled, the Goddess cut off his trunk with her sword.

Roman reading

karena cha mahaasimham tam chakarsha jagarja cha | karshatastu karam devee khadgena nirakrintatakareṇa ca mahāsiṃhaṃ taṃ cakarṣa jagarja ca | karṣatastu karaṃ devī khaḍgena nirakṛntata

Explanation

The endangered lion is again the Goddess’s mount, while the elephant is the asura’s temporary form. The distinction prevents confusion.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

जिस सिंह पर आक्रमण हुआ वह देवी का वाहन है, जबकि हाथी असुर का अस्थायी रूप है। दोनों की पहचान अलग रखना कथा की स्पष्टता के लिए आवश्यक है।

3.33

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ततो महासुरो भूयो माहिषं वपुरास्थितः । तथैव क्षोभयामास त्रैलोक्यं सचराचरम्

The great asura took the body of a buffalo once more and again shook the three worlds, with all their moving and unmoving beings.

Roman reading

tato mahaasuro bhooyo maahisham vapuraasthitah | tathaiva kshobhayaamaasa trailokyam sacharaacharamtato mahāsuro bhūyo māhiṣaṃ vapurāsthitaḥ | tathaiva kṣobhayāmāsa trailokyaṃ sacarācaram

Explanation

Returning to the buffalo form brings the narrative toward its climactic image. ‘Moving and unmoving’ means the whole inhabited cosmos in this idiom.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

भैंसे के रूप में वापसी से कथा अपने प्रसिद्ध चरम दृश्य के पास आती है। ‘चर-अचर’ से सम्पूर्ण जगत के प्राणियों और स्थावर अस्तित्व का संकेत है।

3.34

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ततः क्रुद्धा जगन्माता चण्डिका पानमुत्तमम्। पपौ पुनः पुनश्चैव जहासारुणलोचना

Then the enraged Mother of the World, Chandika, repeatedly drank an excellent beverage and laughed, her eyes reddened.Then the enraged Mother of the World, Caṇḍikā, repeatedly drank an excellent beverage and laughed, her eyes reddened.

Roman reading

tatah kruddhaa jaganmaataa Chandika paanamuttamam| papau punah punashchaiva jahaasaarunalochanaatataḥ kruddhā jaganmātā caṇḍikā pānamuttamam| papau punaḥ punaścaiva jahāsāruṇalocanā

Explanation

The text describes the Goddess’s ritual or battle-scene drinking but does not specify the liquid in this verse. We should not insert ‘wine’ as an unquestioned literal translation.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

इस पद्य में देवी के पेय पीने और हँसने का वर्णन है, पर पेय का नाम निश्चित रूप से नहीं बताया गया। इसलिए अनुवाद में बिना प्रमाण ‘मदिरा’ को मूल शब्द की तरह नहीं जोड़ना चाहिए।

3.35

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ननर्द चासुरः सोऽपि बलवीर्यमदोद्धतः । विषाणाभ्यां च चिक्षेप चण्डिकां प्रति भूधरान्

The asura, swollen with pride in his strength and prowess, bellowed and hurled mountains at Chandika with his horns.The asura, swollen with pride in his strength and prowess, bellowed and hurled mountains at Caṇḍikā with his horns.

Roman reading

nanarda chaasurah so’pi balaveeryamadoddhatah | vishaanaabhyaam cha chikshepa chandikaam prati bhoodharaannanarda cāsuraḥ so’pi balavīryamadoddhataḥ | viṣāṇābhyāṃ ca cikṣepa caṇḍikāṃ prati bhūdharān

Explanation

His attack combines boastful sound and violent action. The scene leads directly to the Goddess’s memorable spoken challenge.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

उसका आक्रमण गर्वभरी गर्जना और प्रहार को एक साथ दिखाता है। इसी के तुरन्त बाद देवी का प्रसिद्ध चुनौतीपूर्ण कथन आता है।

3.36

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

सा च तान्प्रहितांस्तेन चूर्णयन्ती शरोत्करैः । उवाच तं मदोद्धूतमुखरागाकुलाक्षरम्

She shattered the mountains he hurled with volleys of arrows and addressed him in words affected by the excitement of her drink.

Roman reading

saa cha taanprahitaamstena choornayantee sharotkaraih | uvaacha tam madoddhootamukharaagaakulaaksharamsā ca tānprahitāṃstena cūrṇayantī śarotkaraiḥ | uvāca taṃ madoddhūtamukharāgākulākṣaram

Explanation

The compound describing face and speech is interpretively difficult; retain the scene without treating a particular psychological explanation as certain.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

देवी के मुख और वाणी का वर्णन करने वाला समास अर्थ की दृष्टि से जटिल है। किसी एक मानसिक अवस्था को निश्चित बताने के बजाय दृश्य की संवेदना सुरक्षित रखनी चाहिए।

3.37

Goddess (Caṇḍikā)

देव्युवाच

The Goddess speaks.

Roman reading

devyuvaachadevyuvāca

Explanation

This separately counted speaker designation introduces Chandika’s direct utterance in the following unit. It is one of three counted uvāca units in Chapter 3.

This separately counted speaker designation introduces Caṇḍikā’s direct utterance in the following unit. It is one of three counted uvāca units in Chapter 3.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह अलग से गिना गया वक्ता-सूचक मन्त्र अगले पद्य में चण्डिका के सीधे कथन का परिचय देता है। तीसरे अध्याय में ऐसे तीन ‘उवाच’ मन्त्र हैं।

3.38

Goddess (Caṇḍikā)

गर्ज गर्ज क्षणं मूढ मधु यावत्पिबाम्यहम्। मया त्वयि हतेऽत्रैव गर्जिष्यन्त्याशु देवताः

“Roar, roar for a little while, fool, while I drink. Once I have slain you here, the gods will soon raise their own triumphant roar.”

Roman reading

garja garja kshanam moodha madhu yaavatpibaamyaham| mayaa tvayi hate’traiva garjishyantyaashu devataahgarja garja kṣaṇaṃ mūḍha madhu yāvatpibāmyaham| mayā tvayi hate’traiva garjiṣyantyāśu devatāḥ

Explanation

The Goddess answers his roar with a confident prediction of his defeat. The words are a dramatic address in the narrative, not a formula for readers to direct at other people.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

देवी असुर की गर्जना के उत्तर में उसके अन्त की निश्चयपूर्ण घोषणा करती हैं। यह कथा का नाटकीय संवाद है, दूसरों के प्रति बोलने का सामान्य निर्देश नहीं।

3.39

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ऋषिरुवाच

The sage speaks.

Roman reading

rishiruvaachaṛṣiruvāca

Explanation

The narrative voice returns to Medhas after the Goddess’s speech. Counting this formula separately preserves the historical chapter tally.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

देवी का कथन समाप्त होने पर कथा फिर मेधा ऋषि की वाणी में लौटती है। इसे अलग गिनना ऐतिहासिक अध्याय-गणना के अनुरूप है।

3.40

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Medhas (Ṛṣi)

एवमुक्त्वा समुत्पत्य सारूढा तं महासुरम्। पादेनाक्रम्य कण्ठे च शूलेनैनमताडयत्

Having spoken thus, she sprang up, mounted the great asura, pinned his neck with her foot and struck him with her spear.

Roman reading

evamuktvaa samutpatya saaroodhaa tam mahaasuram| paadenaakramya kanthe cha shoolenainamataadayatevamuktvā samutpatya sārūḍhā taṃ mahāsuram| pādenākramya kaṇṭhe ca śūlenainamatāḍayat

Explanation

This is the decisive Mahiṣāsuramardinī image: the Goddess dominates the buffalo-bodied asura. It links the textual account with widely depicted iconography.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

महिषासुरमर्दिनी का निर्णायक दृश्य यही है: देवी महिष-रूप असुर को पैर से दबाकर शूल से मारती हैं। यही चित्र अनेक मूर्तियों और चित्रों में प्रसिद्ध है।

3.41

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ततः सोऽपि पदाक्रान्तस्तया निजमुखात्तदा । अर्धनिष्क्रान्त एवासीद्देव्या वीर्येण संवृतः

Pressed down beneath her foot, the asura began to emerge from his own mouth, but was only half out, checked by the Goddess’s power.

Roman reading

tatah so’pi padaakraantastayaa nijamukhaattadaa | ardhanishkraanta evaaseeddevyaa veeryena samvritahtataḥ so’pi padākrāntastayā nijamukhāttadā | ardhaniṣkrānta evāsīddevyā vīryeṇa saṃvṛtaḥ

Explanation

The half-emerged figure is a striking detail: the text does not describe a simple slaughter of an ordinary animal but the suppression of a shape-shifting asura.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

आधे बाहर निकलते असुर का दृश्य महत्त्वपूर्ण है। यह किसी साधारण पशु के वध का विवरण नहीं, रूप बदलने वाले असुर की पराजय है।

3.42

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

अर्धनिष्क्रान्त एवासौ युध्यमानो महासुरः । तया महासिना देव्या शिरश्छित्त्वा निपातितः

While the great asura was still half-emerged and fighting, the Goddess struck him down by severing his head with her mighty sword.

Roman reading

ardhanishkraanta evaasau yudhyamaano mahaasurah | tayaa mahaasinaa devyaa shirashchhittvaa nipaatitahardhaniṣkrānta evāsau yudhyamāno mahāsuraḥ | tayā mahāsinā devyā śiraśchittvā nipātitaḥ

Explanation

The combat ends only after the shape-shifter’s final resistance. This verse describes the actual death of Mahishasura, unlike Chapter 2 which ends with his army’s destruction.

The combat ends only after the shape-shifter’s final resistance. This verse describes the actual death of Mahiṣāsura, unlike Chapter 2 which ends with his army’s destruction.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

रूप-परिवर्तन करने वाले असुर के अन्तिम प्रतिरोध के बाद युद्ध समाप्त होता है। महिषासुर का वास्तविक वध इसी पद्य में है; दूसरे अध्याय में उसकी सेना का विनाश था।

3.43

Medhas (Ṛṣi)

ततो हाहाकृतं सर्वं दैत्यसैन्यं ननाश तत्। प्रहर्षं च परं जग्मुः सकला देवतागणाः

A panic-stricken cry rose, and the remaining asura army fled; all the assembled gods were filled with supreme joy.

Roman reading

tato haahaakritam sarvam daityasainyam nanaasha tat| praharsham cha param jagmuh sakalaa devataaganaahtato hāhākṛtaṃ sarvaṃ daityasainyaṃ nanāśa tat| praharṣaṃ ca paraṃ jagmuḥ sakalā devatāgaṇāḥ

Explanation

The result is both military and emotional within the story: terror among the defeated side and relief among the gods. This transitions into the praise hymn of Chapter 4.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कथा में पराजित पक्ष का भय और देवताओं का हर्ष एक साथ दिखता है। यही भाव अगले अध्याय की देवी-स्तुति की भूमिका बनता है।

3.44

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Medhas (Ṛṣi)

तुष्टुवुस्तां सुरा देवीं सहदिव्यैर्महर्षिभिः । जगुर्गन्धर्वपतयो ननृतुश्चाप्सरोगणाः

The gods and divine sages praised the Goddess; the leaders of the Gandharvas sang, and the Apsaras danced.

Roman reading

tushtuvustaam suraa deveem sahadivyairmaharshibhih | jagurgandharvapatayo nanritushchaapsaroganaahtuṣṭuvustāṃ surā devīṃ sahadivyairmaharṣibhiḥ | jagurgandharvapatayo nanṛtuścāpsarogaṇāḥ

Explanation

Praise, music and dance mark the restoration of cosmic order. The formal hymn sung by the gods continues as a distinct Chapter 4.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

स्तुति, संगीत और नृत्य व्यवस्था की पुनः स्थापना का उत्सव दिखाते हैं। देवताओं का विस्तृत औपचारिक स्तोत्र अगले, चौथे अध्याय में आता है।

About this edition · Sources & references

Devi Mahatmyam (Durga Saptashati) · Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional) · Initial editorial V1

This is an educational edition; independent textual and specialist review remains incomplete.

Original text, translations and explanations remain separate readings. Shared passages appear once with their complete references.

3.1 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.1 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.1 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.1 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.1 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.2 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.2 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.2 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.2 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.2 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.3 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.3 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.3 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.3 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.3 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.4 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.4 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.4 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.4 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.4 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.5 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.5 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.5 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.5 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.5 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.6 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.6 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.6 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.6 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.6 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.7 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.7 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.7 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.7 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.7 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.8 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.8 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.8 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.8 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.8 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.9 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.9 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.9 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.9 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.9 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.10 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.10 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.10 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.10 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.10 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.11 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.11 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.11 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.11 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.11 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.12 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.12 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.12 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.12 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.12 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.13 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.13 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.13 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.13 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.13 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.14 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.14 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.14 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.14 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.14 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.15 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.15 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.15 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.15 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.15 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.16 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.16 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.16 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.16 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.16 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.17 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.17 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.17 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.17 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.17 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.18 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.18 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.18 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.18 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.18 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
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3.19 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
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3.19 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.19 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.19 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
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3.19 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
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3.20 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
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3.20 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.20 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.20 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.20 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.21 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.21 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.21 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.21 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.21 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.22 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.22 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.22 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.22 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.22 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.23 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.23 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.23 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.23 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.23 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.24 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.24 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.24 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.24 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.24 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.25 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.25 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.25 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.25 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.25 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.26 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.26 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.26 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.26 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.26 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.27 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.27 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.27 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.27 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.27 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.28 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.28 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.28 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.28 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.28 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.29 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.29 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.29 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.29 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.29 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.30 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.30 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.30 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.30 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.30 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.31 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.31 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.31 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.31 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.31 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.32 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.32 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.32 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.32 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.32 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.33 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.33 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.33 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.33 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.33 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.34 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.34 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.34 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.34 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.34 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.35 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.35 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.35 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.35 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.35 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.36 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.36 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.36 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.36 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.36 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.37 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.37 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.37 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.37 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.37 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.38 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.38 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.38 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.38 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.38 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.39 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.39 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.39 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.39 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.39 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.40 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.40 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.40 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.40 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.40 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.41 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.41 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.41 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.41 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.41 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.42 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.42 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.42 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.42 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.42 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.43 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.43 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.43 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.43 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.43 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.44 — Original / source text
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.44 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.44 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.44 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
3.44 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
Paṇśīkar / Nirṇaya Sāgara (1917 attributed; provisional)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation