Chapter 18

The Yoga of Liberation and RenunciationThe Yoga of Liberation and Renunciation

Jump to verse

18.1

अर्जुन उवाच

संन्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् । त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश पृथक्केशिनिषूदन ॥१८.१॥

Arjuna asks Krishna to explain separately the true nature of sannyāsa and tyāga.

Roman reading

samnyaasasya mahaabaaho tattvamichchhaami veditum | tyaagasya cha hrisheekesha prithakkeshinishoodana ||18.1||saṃnyāsasya mahābāho tattvamicchāmi veditum | tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthakkeśiniṣūdana ||18.1||

Explanation

The closing chapter begins with a careful question, not a command. Arjuna wants to know whether renouncing action itself is the same as relinquishing the claim to its rewards.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

पिछले अध्यायों में कर्म और वैराग्य बार-बार आए हैं। अब अर्जुन दोनों शब्दों के अंतर को स्पष्ट करना चाहते हैं, ताकि जिम्मेदारियों से भागना और आसक्ति छोड़ना एक न समझा जाए।

18.2

श्रीभगवानुवाच

काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं संन्यासं कवयो विदुः । सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणाः ॥१८.२॥

Krishna says that the wise call relinquishing desire-driven acts sannyāsa and relinquishing the fruits of all acts tyāga.

Roman reading

kaamyaanaam karmanaam nyaasam samnyaasam kavayo viduh | sarvakarmaphalatyaagam praahustyaagam vichakshanaah ||18.2||kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ kavayo viduḥ | sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ prāhustyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇāḥ ||18.2||

Explanation

The distinction turns attention from outward withdrawal to inward motivation. An active life need not be ruled by the expectation of personal gain.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह परिभाषा बाहरी गतिविधि से अधिक उसके पीछे की आकांक्षा पर ध्यान देती है। व्यक्ति संसार में सक्रिय रहते हुए भी फल को अपनी पहचान का केंद्र बनाने से बच सकता है।

18.3

श्रीभगवानुवाच

त्याज्यं दोषवदित्येके कर्म प्राहुर्मनीषिणः । यज्ञदानतपःकर्म न त्याज्यमिति चापरे ॥१८.३॥

Some thinkers regard action as faulty and to be abandoned; others maintain that sacrifice, giving and discipline must not be abandoned.

Roman reading

tyaajyam doshavadityeke karma praahurmaneeshinah | yajnadaanatapahkarma na tyaajyamiti chaapare ||18.3||tyājyaṃ doṣavadityeke karma prāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ | yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyamiti cāpare ||18.3||

Explanation

Krishna first states the disagreement honestly. The next verses distinguish morally valuable practices from the craving that may accompany them.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ दो परंपरागत मत सामने रखे गए हैं, अंतिम निर्णय नहीं। अगली पंक्तियों में कृष्ण बताएँगे कि सामाजिक रूप से उपयोगी कर्म और उनसे जुड़ी लालसा में क्या भेद है।

18.4

श्रीभगवानुवाच

निश्चयं शृणु मे तत्र त्यागे भरतसत्तम । त्यागो हि पुरुषव्याघ्र त्रिविधः सम्प्रकीर्तितः ॥१८.४॥

Best of the Bharatas, hear my conclusion about relinquishment: it is described in three forms.

Roman reading

nishchayam shrinu me tatra tyaage bharatasattama | tyaago hi purushavyaaghra trividhah samprakeertitah ||18.4||niścayaṃ śṛṇu me tatra tyāge bharatasattama | tyāgo hi puruṣavyāghra trividhaḥ samprakīrtitaḥ ||18.4||

Explanation

The three guṇas serve as a framework for examining intention. Identical outward choices may arise from clarity, anxiety, or confusion.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अध्याय फिर तीन गुणों—सत्त्व, रजस् और तमस्—की भाषा अपनाता है। एक ही कर्म छोड़ना अलग-अलग मनोभावों से हो सकता है और उसका मूल्यांकन भी अलग होगा।

18.5

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यज्ञदानतपःकर्म न त्याज्यं कार्यमेव तत् । यज्ञो दानं तपश्चैव पावनानि मनीषिणाम् ॥१८.५॥

Sacrifice, giving and disciplined practice should be performed, not discarded; they purify even thoughtful people.

Roman reading

yajnadaanatapahkarma na tyaajyam kaaryameva tat | yajno daanam tapashchaiva paavanaani maneeshinaam ||18.5||yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyaṃ kāryameva tat | yajño dānaṃ tapaścaiva pāvanāni manīṣiṇām ||18.5||

Explanation

Krishna does not dismiss constructive practices in the name of renunciation. Giving and disciplined service can refine the very motives with which they are performed.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ यज्ञ का अर्थ परंपरागत अनुष्ठान के साथ समर्पित कर्तव्य के रूप में भी समझा जाता है। दान और अनुशासन आत्मकेन्द्रित आदतों को चुनौती दे सकते हैं।

18.6

श्रीभगवानुवाच

एतान्यपि तु कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा फलानि च । कर्तव्यानीति मे पार्थ निश्चितं मतमुत्तमम् ॥१८.६॥

Even these actions, Arjuna, should be performed without attachment to them or their results; this is my settled view.

Roman reading

etaanyapi tu karmaani sangam tyaktvaa phalaani cha | kartavyaaneeti me paartha nishchitam matamuttamam ||18.6||etānyapi tu karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phalāni ca | kartavyānīti me pārtha niścitaṃ matamuttamam ||18.6||

Explanation

The chapter's central principle appears early: relinquish possessiveness, not responsibility. Careful work can coexist with freedom from reward-obsession.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

शिक्षा का केंद्र कर्म छोड़ना नहीं, कर्म के साथ चिपकी स्वार्थपूर्ण अपेक्षा छोड़ना है। इससे कर्म के प्रति लापरवाही नहीं, बल्कि अधिक सजगता संभव होती है।

18.7

श्रीभगवानुवाच

नियतस्य तु संन्यासः कर्मणो नोपपद्यते । मोहात्तस्य परित्यागस्तामसः परिकीर्तितः ॥१८.७॥

Abandoning a required duty is improper; abandoning it through confusion is called tamasic relinquishment.

Roman reading

niyatasya tu samnyaasah karmano nopapadyate | mohaattasya parityaagastaamasah parikeertitah ||18.7||niyatasya tu saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇo nopapadyate | mohāttasya parityāgastāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||18.7||

Explanation

The concern is avoidance born of confusion. The verse is not a license to remain in unsafe or unjust circumstances without judgment.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कुछ जिम्मेदारियाँ कठिन होने के बावजूद निभानी पड़ती हैं। यहाँ विवेकहीन पलायन की आलोचना है, न कि हर अनुचित परिस्थिति में बने रहने का सार्वभौम आदेश।

18.8

श्रीभगवानुवाच

दुःखमित्येव यत्कर्म कायक्लेशभयात्त्यजेत् । स कृत्वा राजसं त्यागं नैव त्यागफलं लभेत् ॥१८.८॥

Someone who gives up action simply because it feels painful or physically demanding practices rajasic relinquishment and gains no fruit of true renunciation.

Roman reading

duhkhamityeva yatkarma kaayakleshabhayaattyajet | sa kritvaa raajasam tyaagam naiva tyaagaphalam labhet ||18.8||duḥkhamityeva yatkarma kāyakleśabhayāttyajet | sa kṛtvā rājasaṃ tyāgaṃ naiva tyāgaphalaṃ labhet ||18.8||

Explanation

Avoiding every difficulty is not the same as freedom from attachment. Wise rest and protection from harm remain distinct from fear-driven evasion.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

केवल असुविधा से बचना गहरी स्वतंत्रता नहीं देता। लेकिन विवेकपूर्ण विश्राम, स्वास्थ्य-सुरक्षा और अनुचित श्रम से इंकार को इस कथन के साथ नहीं मिलाना चाहिए।

18.9

श्रीभगवानुवाच

कार्यमित्येव यत्कर्म नियतं क्रियतेऽर्जुन । सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा फलं चैव स त्यागः सात्त्विको मतः ॥१८.९॥

Arjuna, when one performs a rightful duty because it ought to be done, relinquishing attachment and reward, that is sattvic renunciation.

Roman reading

kaaryamityeva yatkarma niyatam kriyate’rjuna | sangam tyaktvaa phalam chaiva sa tyaagah saattviko matah ||18.9||kāryamityeva yatkarma niyataṃ kriyate’rjuna | saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phalaṃ caiva sa tyāgaḥ sāttviko mataḥ ||18.9||

Explanation

Renunciation becomes a quality of action rather than merely a change of residence. A clear purpose and responsible means matter as much as reduced craving.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह संन्यास को दैनिक जीवन के बीच लाता है। सही उद्देश्य, उचित साधन और परिणाम से असंगता—तीनों को साथ रखना इस शिक्षा का व्यावहारिक पक्ष है।

18.10

Back to contents

श्रीभगवानुवाच

न द्वेष्ट्यकुशलं कर्म कुशले नानुषज्जते । त्यागी सत्त्वसमाविष्टो मेधावी छिन्नसंशयः ॥१८.१०॥

A clear-minded renunciant neither hates unpleasant work nor clings to pleasant work.

Roman reading

na dveshtyakushalam karma kushale naanushajjate | tyaagee sattvasamaavishto medhaavee chhinnasamshayah ||18.10||na dveṣṭyakuśalaṃ karma kuśale nānuṣajjate | tyāgī sattvasamāviṣṭo medhāvī chinnasaṃśayaḥ ||18.10||

Explanation

Steadiness does not erase feeling. It means decisions are guided by discernment rather than by immediate comfort or discomfort.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह किसी भावनाहीन व्यक्ति का चित्र नहीं, बल्कि सुख-दुःख के अनुसार हर निर्णय बदलने से मुक्त बुद्धि का चित्र है। कर्म का मूल्य केवल उसकी तत्काल सुखद अनुभूति नहीं है।

18.11

श्रीभगवानुवाच

न हि देहभृता शक्यं त्यक्तुं कर्माण्यशेषतः । यस्तु कर्मफलत्यागी स त्यागीत्यभिधीयते ॥१८.११॥

An embodied person cannot abandon every action; the one who relinquishes the fruits of action is truly called a renunciant.

Roman reading

na hi dehabhritaa shakyam tyaktum karmaanyasheshatah | yastu karmaphalatyaagee sa tyaageetyabhidheeyate ||18.11||na hi dehabhṛtā śakyaṃ tyaktuṃ karmāṇyaśeṣataḥ | yastu karmaphalatyāgī sa tyāgītyabhidhīyate ||18.11||

Explanation

Embodied living necessarily involves action. The meaningful question is how action is undertaken and whether its results become a source of bondage.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

जीवन अपने आप में अनेक क्रियाओं से बना है। अतः गीता निष्क्रियता का आदर्श नहीं बनाती; वह कर्म करते हुए भी स्वामित्व और लालसा के बंधन को ढीला करने को कहती है।

18.12

श्रीभगवानुवाच

अनिष्टमिष्टं मिश्रं च त्रिविधं कर्मणः फलम् । भवत्यत्यागिनां प्रेत्य न तु संन्यासिनां क्वचित् ॥१८.१२॥

Action has undesirable, desirable and mixed outcomes, which bind the non-renunciant but not the true renunciant in the same way.

Roman reading

anishtamishtam mishram cha trividham karmanah phalam | bhavatyatyaaginaam pretya na tu samnyaasinaam kvachit ||18.12||aniṣṭamiṣṭaṃ miśraṃ ca trividhaṃ karmaṇaḥ phalam | bhavatyatyāgināṃ pretya na tu saṃnyāsināṃ kvacit ||18.12||

Explanation

The verse speaks within the Gita's traditional theory of karma and rebirth. Freedom from attachment should not be confused with escaping worldly accountability.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह पुनर्जन्म और कर्मफल के पारंपरिक दार्शनिक ढाँचे का कथन है। इसका मुख्य संकेत परिणामों से मानसिक और आध्यात्मिक बंधन की ओर है, न कि यह कि निर्णयों के वास्तविक परिणाम नहीं होते।

18.13

श्रीभगवानुवाच

पञ्चैतानि महाबाहो कारणानि निबोध मे । सांख्ये कृतान्ते प्रोक्तानि सिद्धये सर्वकर्मणाम् ॥१८.१३॥

Mighty-armed Arjuna, learn the five factors said to account for the accomplishment of any action.

Roman reading

panchaitaani mahaabaaho kaaranaani nibodha me | saamkhye kritaante proktaani siddhaye sarvakarmanaam ||18.13||pañcaitāni mahābāho kāraṇāni nibodha me | sāṃkhye kṛtānte proktāni siddhaye sarvakarmaṇām ||18.13||

Explanation

Krishna moves from renunciation to the complexity of agency. Outcomes emerge through several contributing factors, not the isolated will of one individual.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कृष्ण एकल कर्ता के अहंकार को प्रश्नांकित करने जा रहे हैं। कोई परिणाम केवल व्यक्ति की इच्छा से नहीं बनता; साधन, परिस्थिति और अन्य प्रभाव भी उसमें सम्मिलित होते हैं।

18.14

श्रीभगवानुवाच

अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता करणं च पृथग्विधम् । विविधाश्च पृथक्चेष्टा दैवं चैवात्र पञ्चमम् ॥१८.१४॥

The five causes are the basis, the agent, the various instruments, diverse efforts, and the divine or contingent factor.

Roman reading

adhishthaanam tathaa kartaa karanam cha prithagvidham | vividhaashcha prithakcheshtaa daivam chaivaatra panchamam ||18.14||adhiṣṭhānaṃ tathā kartā karaṇaṃ ca pṛthagvidham | vividhāśca pṛthakceṣṭā daivaṃ caivātra pañcamam ||18.14||

Explanation

The list distributes agency across body, tools, effort, and factors beyond immediate control. The role of daiva varies across commentarial traditions and does not erase responsibility.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अधिष्ठान को प्रायः शरीर या परिस्थितिजन्य आधार समझते हैं; करण साधन हैं और चेष्टा प्रयत्न। दैव की व्याख्या परंपराओं में अलग हो सकती है, इसलिए इसे केवल भाग्यवाद बनाना ठीक नहीं।

18.15

श्रीभगवानुवाच

शरीरवाङ्मनोभिर्यत्कर्म प्रारभते नरः । न्याय्यं वा विपरीतं वा पञ्चैते तस्य हेतवः ॥१८.१५॥

Whatever a person undertakes by body, speech or mind—right or wrong—these five factors are involved.

Roman reading

shareeravaanmanobhiryatkarma praarabhate narah | nyaayyam vaa vipareetam vaa panchaite tasya hetavah ||18.15||śarīravāṅmanobhiryatkarma prārabhate naraḥ | nyāyyaṃ vā viparītaṃ vā pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ ||18.15||

Explanation

The framework applies to ordinary conduct as well as ritual acts. Recognizing complexity can make judgment more accurate without dissolving ethical accountability.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह विश्लेषण केवल धार्मिक अनुष्ठान तक सीमित नहीं है; सामान्य जीवन के कर्म भी इसमें आते हैं। बहुकारणीयता को पहचानना जिम्मेदारी से भागना नहीं, बल्कि निर्णय को अधिक यथार्थपूर्ण देखना है।

18.16

श्रीभगवानुवाच

तत्रैवं सति कर्तारमात्मानं केवलं तु यः । पश्यत्यकृतबुद्धित्वान्न स पश्यति दुर्मतिः ॥१८.१६॥

One who, through unrefined understanding, sees the self alone as the doer fails to see clearly.

Roman reading

tatraivam sati kartaaramaatmaanam kevalam tu yah | pashyatyakritabuddhitvaanna sa pashyati durmatih ||18.16||tatraivaṃ sati kartāramātmānaṃ kevalaṃ tu yaḥ | paśyatyakṛtabuddhitvānna sa paśyati durmatiḥ ||18.16||

Explanation

This is a critique of inflated self-authorship. Seeing the wider conditions of action can encourage humility while preserving the duty to choose wisely.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कृष्ण पूर्ण स्वाधीन कर्तृत्व के अभिमान को चुनौती देते हैं। यह चेतावनी है कि अपनी सफलता या असफलता का संपूर्ण कारण केवल ‘मैं’ को मान लेना दृष्टि को संकुचित करता है।

18.17

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यस्य नाहंकृतो भावो बुद्धिर्यस्य न लिप्यते । हत्वाऽपि स इमाँल्लोकान्न हन्ति न निबध्यते ॥१८.१७॥

One free from egoistic doership and a tainted intellect is said not to incur bondage even amid terrible action.

Roman reading

yasya naahamkrito bhaavo buddhiryasya na lipyate | hatvaa’pi sa imaam̐llokaanna hanti na nibadhyate ||18.17||yasya nāhaṃkṛto bhāvo buddhiryasya na lipyate | hatvā’pi sa imām̐llokānna hanti na nibadhyate ||18.17||

Explanation

The verse belongs to a battlefield dialogue and is not permission to harm others. Its claim about nonbondage requires close ethical and doctrinal interpretation.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह श्लोक कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध के भीतर कहा गया है और इसके हिंसासंबंधी शब्दों को सामान्य आचरण के लिए छूट नहीं समझना चाहिए। अहंकाररहित विवेक और नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व की कठिन व्याख्या आवश्यक है।

18.18

श्रीभगवानुवाच

ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं परिज्ञाता त्रिविधा कर्मचोदना । करणं कर्म कर्तेति त्रिविधः कर्मसंग्रहः ॥१८.१८॥

Knowledge, the known and the knower impel action; instrument, act and agent constitute its threefold structure.

Roman reading

jnaanam jneyam parijnaataa trividhaa karmachodanaa | karanam karma karteti trividhah karmasamgrahah ||18.18||jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ parijñātā trividhā karmacodanā | karaṇaṃ karma karteti trividhaḥ karmasaṃgrahaḥ ||18.18||

Explanation

Krishna examines action through knowing and doing. The distinction shows that what we perceive and how we act are intimately connected.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ कर्म को देखने के दो कोण दिए गए हैं—जानना और करना। किसी भी क्रिया में समझ, विषय और साधन के संबंध को पहचानना निर्णय की गुणवत्ता बढ़ाता है।

18.19

श्रीभगवानुवाच

ज्ञानं कर्म च कर्ता च त्रिधैव गुणभेदतः । प्रोच्यते गुणसंख्याने यथावच्छृणु तान्यपि ॥१८.१९॥

Now hear how knowledge, action and the agent are each classified threefold according to the guṇas.

Roman reading

jnaanam karma cha kartaa cha tridhaiva gunabhedatah | prochyate gunasamkhyaane yathaavachchhrinu taanyapi ||18.19||jñānaṃ karma ca kartā ca tridhaiva guṇabhedataḥ | procyate guṇasaṃkhyāne yathāvacchṛṇu tānyapi ||18.19||

Explanation

The guṇa framework is now applied to ways of understanding and acting. It concerns motives and outlooks, not permanent labels for persons.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

पिछले अध्यायों का गुणत्रय सिद्धांत यहाँ नैतिक मनोविज्ञान में प्रवेश करता है। ध्यान केवल ‘क्या हुआ’ पर नहीं, ‘कैसे समझा और क्यों किया’ पर भी है।

18.20

Back to contents

श्रीभगवानुवाच

सर्वभूतेषु येनैकं भावमव्ययमीक्षते । अविभक्तं विभक्तेषु तज्ज्ञानं विद्धि सात्त्विकम् ॥१८.२०॥

Knowledge that perceives one undivided, imperishable reality in all divided beings is sattvic.

Roman reading

sarvabhooteshu yenaikam bhaavamavyayameekshate | avibhaktam vibhakteshu tajjnaanam viddhi saattvikam ||18.20||sarvabhūteṣu yenaikaṃ bhāvamavyayamīkṣate | avibhaktaṃ vibhakteṣu tajjñānaṃ viddhi sāttvikam ||18.20||

Explanation

Unity is perceived without pretending differences disappear. The teaching can encourage reverence and care for beings beyond one's immediate circle.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह भिन्नताओं का निषेध नहीं, उनके भीतर किसी गहरी एकता को देखने की आध्यात्मिक दृष्टि है। इससे दूसरे प्राणियों के प्रति आदर और करुणा का आधार बन सकता है।

18.21

श्रीभगवानुवाच

पृथक्त्वेन तु यज्ज्ञानं नानाभावान्पृथग्विधान् । वेत्ति सर्वेषु भूतेषु तज्ज्ञानं विद्धि राजसम् ॥१८.२१॥

Knowledge that regards the many beings as distinct and separate is called rajasic.

Roman reading

prithaktvena tu yajjnaanam naanaabhaavaanprithagvidhaan | vetti sarveshu bhooteshu tajjnaanam viddhi raajasam ||18.21||pṛthaktvena tu yajjñānaṃ nānābhāvānpṛthagvidhān | vetti sarveṣu bhūteṣu tajjñānaṃ viddhi rājasam ||18.21||

Explanation

Recognizing differences is often useful. The limitation here is an outlook that sees only separateness and misses deeper relationship.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

भेद पहचानना अपने आप में गलती नहीं; श्लोक उस दृष्टि की सीमा बताता है जो विविधता के पार संबंध नहीं देखती। सात्त्विक ज्ञान की तुलना में यह अधिक खंडित समझ है।

18.22

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यत्तु कृत्स्नवदेकस्मिन्कार्ये सक्तमहैतुकम् । अतत्त्वार्थवदल्पं च तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१८.२२॥

Knowledge that clings to one narrow object as the whole, without sound reasons or contact with reality, is tamasic.

Roman reading

yattu kritsnavadekasminkaarye saktamahaitukam | atattvaarthavadalpam cha tattaamasamudaahritam ||18.22||yattu kṛtsnavadekasminkārye saktamahaitukam | atattvārthavadalpaṃ ca tattāmasamudāhṛtam ||18.22||

Explanation

The warning is against reductionism and unexamined fixation. A narrow claim mistaken for the whole can distort both perception and action.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह संकीर्णता और अंध-आसक्ति की आलोचना है। किसी जटिल समस्या को एक ही कारण या पहचान से समझ लेना निर्णय को भ्रमित कर सकता है।

18.23

श्रीभगवानुवाच

नियतं सङ्गरहितमरागद्वेषतः कृतम् । अफलप्रेप्सुना कर्म यत्तत्सात्त्विकमुच्यते ॥१८.२३॥

Rightful action done without attachment, preference-driven bias or craving for its reward is sattvic.

Roman reading

niyatam sangarahitamaraagadveshatah kritam | aphalaprepsunaa karma yattatsaattvikamuchyate ||18.23||niyataṃ saṅgarahitamarāgadveṣataḥ kṛtam | aphalaprepsunā karma yattatsāttvikamucyate ||18.23||

Explanation

Sattvic action is measured by its quality, not its glamour. Quiet, conscientious work can embody the teaching as fully as celebrated achievement.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

सात्त्विक कर्म की पहचान केवल भव्य उपलब्धि नहीं है। साधारण जिम्मेदारी भी ईमानदारी और संतुलन से निभाई जाए तो इस दृष्टि में अर्थपूर्ण हो सकती है।

18.24

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यत्तु कामेप्सुना कर्म साहंकारेण वा पुनः । क्रियते बहुलायासं तद्राजसमुदाहृतम् ॥१८.२४॥

Action driven by craving or ego and carried out with intense strain is rajasic.

Roman reading

yattu kaamepsunaa karma saahamkaarena vaa punah | kriyate bahulaayaasam tadraajasamudaahritam ||18.24||yattu kāmepsunā karma sāhaṃkāreṇa vā punaḥ | kriyate bahulāyāsaṃ tadrājasamudāhṛtam ||18.24||

Explanation

Effort itself is not condemned. The criticism falls on work dominated by self-display, craving and restless compulsion.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

श्लोक परिश्रम को दोष नहीं मानता; असंतुलित लालसा और अहंकार को उसके साथ जोड़कर देखता है। स्वस्थ उत्साह और स्वयं को सिद्ध करने की बेचैनी में अंतर है।

18.25

श्रीभगवानुवाच

अनुबन्धं क्षयं हिंसामनपेक्ष्य च पौरुषम् । मोहादारभ्यते कर्म यत्तत्तामसमुच्यते ॥१८.२५॥

Action begun in confusion without considering consequences, losses, harm or one's capacities is tamasic.

Roman reading

anubandham kshayam himsaamanapekshya cha paurusham | mohaadaarabhyate karma yattattaamasamuchyate ||18.25||anubandhaṃ kṣayaṃ hiṃsāmanapekṣya ca pauruṣam | mohādārabhyate karma yattattāmasamucyate ||18.25||

Explanation

The verse demands foresight. Ignoring foreseeable harm and one's own limits is not courage but a failure of judgment.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह बहुत व्यावहारिक नैतिक कसौटी है: काम शुरू करने से पहले उससे प्रभावित लोगों और संभावित क्षति पर विचार होना चाहिए। अज्ञान को साहस का नाम देना विवेक नहीं है।

18.26

श्रीभगवानुवाच

मुक्तसङ्गोऽनहंवादी धृत्युत्साहसमन्वितः । सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योर्निर्विकारः कर्ता सात्त्विक उच्यते ॥१८.२६॥

An agent free from possessive attachment and boasting, steadfast and energetic, unchanged by success or failure, is sattvic.

Roman reading

muktasango’nahamvaadee dhrityutsaahasamanvitah | siddhyasiddhyornirvikaarah kartaa saattvika uchyate ||18.26||muktasaṅgo’nahaṃvādī dhṛtyutsāhasamanvitaḥ | siddhyasiddhyornirvikāraḥ kartā sāttvika ucyate ||18.26||

Explanation

The ideal agent combines energy with composure. Steadiness is compatible with serious commitment and sustained effort.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह आदर्श निष्क्रिय शांति नहीं, बल्कि प्रतिबद्ध और संतुलित कार्यकर्ता का है। सफलता में विनम्रता और कठिनाई में धैर्य साथ चलते हैं।

18.27

श्रीभगवानुवाच

रागी कर्मफलप्रेप्सुर्लुब्धो हिंसात्मकोऽशुचिः । हर्षशोकान्वितः कर्ता राजसः परिकीर्तितः ॥१८.२७॥

An agent ruled by desire for results, greed, harshness and swings of elation and grief is rajasic.

Roman reading

raagee karmaphalaprepsurlubdho himsaatmako’shuchih | harshashokaanvitah kartaa raajasah parikeertitah ||18.27||rāgī karmaphalaprepsurlubdho hiṃsātmako’śuciḥ | harṣaśokānvitaḥ kartā rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||18.27||

Explanation

The description diagnoses patterns, not an unchangeable identity. Craving can deform conduct and make one's stability depend entirely on outcomes.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह किसी मनुष्य को स्थायी श्रेणी में कैद करने के लिए नहीं, प्रवृत्तियों को पहचानने के लिए है। काम के प्रति लगाव जब दूसरों की क्षति और भावनात्मक असंतुलन लाए, तब उसे देखना जरूरी है।

18.28

श्रीभगवानुवाच

अयुक्तः प्राकृतः स्तब्धः शठो नैष्कृतिकोऽलसः । विषादी दीर्घसूत्री च कर्ता तामस उच्यते ॥१८.२८॥

A confused, deceitful, indolent and procrastinating agent is described as tamasic.

Roman reading

ayuktah praakritah stabdhah shatho naishkritiko’lasah | vishaadee deerghasootree cha kartaa taamasa uchyate ||18.28||ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭho naiṣkṛtiko’lasaḥ | viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate ||18.28||

Explanation

This is a traditional moral typology, not a mental-health diagnosis. It should invite examination of habits rather than stigmatizing people who struggle.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह पारंपरिक नैतिक गुण-वर्णन है; इसे किसी व्यक्ति की मानसिक-स्वास्थ्य स्थिति का निदान या अपमान न बनाया जाए। अध्याय का उद्देश्य आत्मपरीक्षण है, कलंक लगाना नहीं।

18.29

श्रीभगवानुवाच

बुद्धेर्भेदं धृतेश्चैव गुणतस्त्रिविधं शृणु । प्रोच्यमानमशेषेण पृथक्त्वेन धनञ्जय ॥१८.२९॥

Dhananjaya, now hear the three forms of understanding and steadfastness according to the guṇas.

Roman reading

buddherbhedam dhriteshchaiva gunatastrividham shrinu | prochyamaanamasheshena prithaktvena dhananjaya ||18.29||buddherbhedaṃ dhṛteścaiva guṇatastrividhaṃ śṛṇu | procyamānamaśeṣeṇa pṛthaktvena dhanañjaya ||18.29||

Explanation

Understanding judges a situation; steadfastness sustains a course of action. Krishna examines the quality of both abilities.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

ज्ञान केवल सूचना नहीं, यह तय करने की क्षमता भी है कि क्या उचित है। धृति उस समझ के अनुसार टिके रहने की शक्ति है; आगे दोनों का विवेचन होगा।

18.30

Back to contents

श्रीभगवानुवाच

प्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं च कार्याकार्ये भयाभये । बन्धं मोक्षं च या वेत्ति बुद्धिः सा पार्थ सात्त्विकी ॥१८.३०॥

Understanding that discerns engagement and withdrawal, duty and wrong action, danger and safety, bondage and liberation is sattvic.

Roman reading

pravrittim cha nivrittim cha kaaryaakaarye bhayaabhaye | bandham moksham cha yaa vetti buddhih saa paartha saattvikee ||18.30||pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca kāryākārye bhayābhaye | bandhaṃ mokṣaṃ ca yā vetti buddhiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī ||18.30||

Explanation

Clear judgment distinguishes between alternatives without collapsing them. It calls for attention to consequences, moral boundaries and spiritual aims.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अच्छे निर्णय में विरोधी विकल्पों का सूक्ष्म विवेक चाहिए। यह केवल नियम याद रखने से आगे बढ़कर परिस्थिति का जिम्मेदार मूल्यांकन करने की क्षमता है।

18.31

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यया धर्ममधर्मं च कार्यं चाकार्यमेव च । अयथावत्प्रजानाति बुद्धिः सा पार्थ राजसी ॥१८.३१॥

Understanding that misjudges dharma and adharma, what should and should not be done, is rajasic.

Roman reading

yayaa dharmamadharmam cha kaaryam chaakaaryameva cha | ayathaavatprajaanaati buddhih saa paartha raajasee ||18.31||yayā dharmamadharmaṃ ca kāryaṃ cākāryameva ca | ayathāvatprajānāti buddhiḥ sā pārtha rājasī ||18.31||

Explanation

Desire can bias reasoning even when one feels certain. The verse encourages the humility to examine how judgments are formed.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कभी इच्छा इतनी प्रबल होती है कि हमारी विवेचना पक्षपाती हो जाती है। श्लोक आत्मविश्वास के साथ-साथ निर्णय की शुद्धता की भी जाँच करने को कहता है।

18.32

श्रीभगवानुवाच

अधर्मं धर्ममिति या मन्यते तमसावृता । सर्वार्थान्विपरीतांश्च बुद्धिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥१८.३२॥

An intellect covered by darkness, taking wrong for right and inverting the meaning of things, is tamasic.

Roman reading

adharmam dharmamiti yaa manyate tamasaavritaa | sarvaarthaanvipareetaamshcha buddhih saa paartha taamasee ||18.32||adharmaṃ dharmamiti yā manyate tamasāvṛtā | sarvārthānviparītāṃśca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī ||18.32||

Explanation

The problem is not merely a small mistake but a reversed moral compass. Sincere conviction alone does not guarantee truth.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह निर्णय के गहरे विकृतिकरण का चित्र है। इसलिए किसी निष्कर्ष को केवल अपने पक्ष का लगने से सही न मानकर उसकी बुनियाद भी परखनी चाहिए।

18.33

श्रीभगवानुवाच

धृत्या यया धारयते मनःप्राणेन्द्रियक्रियाः । योगेनाव्यभिचारिण्या धृतिः सा पार्थ सात्त्विकी ॥१८.३३॥

Steadfastness that consistently regulates mind, life-force and the senses through disciplined practice is sattvic.

Roman reading

dhrityaa yayaa dhaarayate manahpraanendriyakriyaah | yogenaavyabhichaarinyaa dhritih saa paartha saattvikee ||18.33||dhṛtyā yayā dhārayate manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ | yogenāvyabhicāriṇyā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī ||18.33||

Explanation

Steadfastness is endurance shaped by practice. The verse links inner stability with trained attention rather than occasional enthusiasm.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

धृति क्षणिक उत्साह से अलग दीर्घकालिक स्थिरता है। ध्यान और आत्मसंयम यहाँ कठोर दमन नहीं, समझदारी से विकसित अभ्यास के अंग हैं।

18.34

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यया तु धर्मकामार्थान्धृत्या धारयतेऽर्जुन । प्रसङ्गेन फलाकाङ्क्षी धृतिः सा पार्थ राजसी ॥१८.३४॥

Steadfastness that clings to duty, wealth and pleasure because of expected rewards is rajasic.

Roman reading

yayaa tu dharmakaamaarthaandhrityaa dhaarayate’rjuna | prasangena phalaakaankshee dhritih saa paartha raajasee ||18.34||yayā tu dharmakāmārthāndhṛtyā dhārayate’rjuna | prasaṅgena phalākāṅkṣī dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha rājasī ||18.34||

Explanation

Persistence can serve self-interest as readily as wisdom. Krishna asks what our endurance ultimately serves.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

धैर्य अपने आप में सद्गुण पर्याप्त नहीं; उसकी दिशा भी महत्वपूर्ण है। व्यक्ति अनुशासित होकर भी केवल उपलब्धि और लाभ की दौड़ में फँस सकता है।

18.35

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यया स्वप्नं भयं शोकं विषादं मदमेव च । न विमुञ्चति दुर्मेधा धृतिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥१८.३५॥

Steadfastness that refuses to release sleep, fear, grief, despondency or intoxicated pride is tamasic.

Roman reading

yayaa svapnam bhayam shokam vishaadam madameva cha | na vimunchati durmedhaa dhritih saa paartha taamasee ||18.35||yayā svapnaṃ bhayaṃ śokaṃ viṣādaṃ madameva ca | na vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī ||18.35||

Explanation

The verse critiques rigid attachment to obstructive states. It should not be used to shame someone experiencing grief or depression.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ दुःख झेल रहे व्यक्ति को दोष देना उद्देश्य नहीं है। चेतावनी उन जड़ आदतों के प्रति है जो सुधार और सहायता की ओर उठने वाले कदमों को रोक देती हैं।

18.36

श्रीभगवानुवाच

सुखं त्विदानीं त्रिविधं शृणु मे भरतर्षभ । अभ्यासाद्रमते यत्र दुःखान्तं च निगच्छति ॥१८.३६॥

Now hear of three kinds of happiness, developed through habituation and related to the ending of suffering.

Roman reading

sukham tvidaaneem trividham shrinu me bharatarshabha | abhyaasaadramate yatra duhkhaantam cha nigachchhati ||18.36||sukhaṃ tvidānīṃ trividhaṃ śṛṇu me bharatarṣabha | abhyāsādramate yatra duḥkhāntaṃ ca nigacchati ||18.36||

Explanation

The comparison shifts from instant pleasure to the trajectory of happiness. What feels pleasant now may differ from what nourishes a life over time.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कृष्ण तात्कालिक आनंद और टिकाऊ कल्याण के अंतर पर आते हैं। हर सुख का मूल्य उसके पहले क्षण से नहीं, उसके विकास और फल से समझना चाहिए।

18.37

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यत्तदग्रे विषमिव परिणामेऽमृतोपमम् । तत्सुखं सात्त्विकं प्रोक्तमात्मबुद्धिप्रसादजम् ॥१८.३७॥

Happiness that feels bitter at first but becomes nectar in the end, arising from clarity of self-understanding, is sattvic.

Roman reading

yattadagre vishamiva parinaame’mritopamam | tatsukham saattvikam proktamaatmabuddhiprasaadajam ||18.37||yattadagre viṣamiva pariṇāme’mṛtopamam | tatsukhaṃ sāttvikaṃ proktamātmabuddhiprasādajam ||18.37||

Explanation

Worthwhile growth can begin with effort and resistance. The verse does not claim that every painful experience is spiritually beneficial.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अभ्यास, अध्ययन और संयम शुरू में असुविधाजनक हो सकते हैं। श्लोक उनके दीर्घकालिक फल की बात करता है, न कि हर पीड़ा को अनिवार्य रूप से लाभकारी बताता है।

18.38

श्रीभगवानुवाच

विषयेन्द्रियसंयोगाद्यत्तदग्रेऽमृतोपमम् । परिणामे विषमिव तत्सुखं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥१८.३८॥

Pleasure from contact between senses and objects, sweet at first but bitter in its consequences, is rajasic.

Roman reading

vishayendriyasamyogaadyattadagre’mritopamam | parinaame vishamiva tatsukham raajasam smritam ||18.38||viṣayendriyasaṃyogādyattadagre’mṛtopamam | pariṇāme viṣamiva tatsukhaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam ||18.38||

Explanation

Immediate gratification can carry delayed costs. The issue is not all sensory enjoyment but pleasure pursued without balance or foresight.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह तत्काल आकर्षण और बाद की कीमत के बीच अंतर दिखाता है। विषय का निषेध नहीं, असंतुलित आसक्ति के प्रभाव की जाँच प्रमुख है।

18.39

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यदग्रे चानुबन्धे च सुखं मोहनमात्मनः । निद्रालस्यप्रमादोत्थं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१८.३९॥

Pleasure rooted in dullness, carelessness and inertia that continues to cloud awareness is tamasic.

Roman reading

yadagre chaanubandhe cha sukham mohanamaatmanah | nidraalasyapramaadottham tattaamasamudaahritam ||18.39||yadagre cānubandhe ca sukhaṃ mohanamātmanaḥ | nidrālasyapramādotthaṃ tattāmasamudāhṛtam ||18.39||

Explanation

Healthy rest is not the target. The warning concerns numbing habits that diminish alertness and agency.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

आराम और पर्याप्त नींद आवश्यक हैं; श्लोक उन्हें नकार नहीं रहा। आलोचना उस जड़ता की है जो सजगता और जिम्मेदारी को धीरे-धीरे कम करती है।

18.40

Back to contents

श्रीभगवानुवाच

न तदस्ति पृथिव्यां वा दिवि देवेषु वा पुनः । सत्त्वं प्रकृतिजैर्मुक्तं यदेभिः स्यात्त्रिभिर्गुणैः ॥१८.४०॥

No being on earth or even among the gods is wholly untouched by the three guṇas born of nature.

Roman reading

na tadasti prithivyaam vaa divi deveshu vaa punah | sattvam prakritijairmuktam yadebhih syaattribhirgunaih ||18.40||na tadasti pṛthivyāṃ vā divi deveṣu vā punaḥ | sattvaṃ prakṛtijairmuktaṃ yadebhiḥ syāttribhirguṇaiḥ ||18.40||

Explanation

The teaching asserts the wide reach of prakṛti. Its ensuing social discussion belongs to a historical framework and requires contextual interpretation.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह कथन गीता के गुणत्रय दर्शन की व्यापकता बताता है। आगे मानव भूमिकाओं पर चर्चा इसी पारंपरिक ढाँचे में होती है, जिसे आधुनिक जन्माधारित मूल्यांकन का प्रमाण नहीं मानना चाहिए।

18.41

श्रीभगवानुवाच

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परन्तप । कर्माणि प्रविभक्तानि स्वभावप्रभवैर्गुणैः ॥१८.४१॥

Arjuna, the works of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras are described as distinguished by qualities arising from their nature.

Roman reading

braahmanakshatriyavishaam shoodraanaam cha parantapa | karmaani pravibhaktaani svabhaavaprabhavairgunaih ||18.41||brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ ca parantapa | karmāṇi pravibhaktāni svabhāvaprabhavairguṇaiḥ ||18.41||

Explanation

The passage uses historical varna categories. Responsible reading distinguishes the text's social setting from any present-day claim that birth determines human worth or opportunity.

The passage uses historical varṇa categories. Responsible reading distinguishes the text's social setting from any present-day claim that birth determines human worth or opportunity.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह प्राचीन सामाजिक कार्य-विभाजन की भाषा है, जिसे पढ़ते समय जाति-आधारित असमानता के ऐतिहासिक प्रभावों पर ध्यान देना चाहिए। किसी मनुष्य की गरिमा या क्षमता जन्म से कम नहीं आँकी जानी चाहिए।

18.42

श्रीभगवानुवाच

शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च । ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥१८.४२॥

Calmness, restraint, discipline, purity, patience, integrity, knowledge, insight and faith are listed as Brahmin-associated qualities and work.

Roman reading

shamo damastapah shaucham kshaantiraarjavameva cha | jnaanam vijnaanamaastikyam brahmakarma svabhaavajam ||18.42||śamo damastapaḥ śaucaṃ kṣāntirārjavameva ca | jñānaṃ vijñānamāstikyaṃ brahmakarma svabhāvajam ||18.42||

Explanation

These traits are presented within a traditional social typology. Their ethical value can be understood without assuming exclusive ownership by any birth group.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

सूची में मानसिक और नैतिक क्षमताओं पर बल है। इन्हें जन्मजात श्रेष्ठता का दावा समझने के बजाय पाठ की ऐतिहासिक भूमिकाओं और व्यापक मानव गुणों को अलग-अलग पहचानना उचित है।

18.43

श्रीभगवानुवाच

शौर्यं तेजो धृतिर्दाक्ष्यं युद्धे चाप्यपलायनम् । दानमीश्वरभावश्च क्षात्रं कर्म स्वभावजम् ॥१८.४३॥

Courage, vigor, steadiness, skill, resolve in battle, generosity and leadership are listed as Kshatriya-associated duties.

Roman reading

shauryam tejo dhritirdaakshyam yuddhe chaapyapalaayanam | daanameeshvarabhaavashcha kshaatram karma svabhaavajam ||18.43||śauryaṃ tejo dhṛtirdākṣyaṃ yuddhe cāpyapalāyanam | dānamīśvarabhāvaśca kṣātraṃ karma svabhāvajam ||18.43||

Explanation

The warrior context matters. Courage and leadership require moral restraint, not an unrestricted endorsement of violence.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कुरुक्षेत्र की सैन्यभूमि इस वर्णन की पृष्ठभूमि है। साहस का अर्थ अनियंत्रित हिंसा नहीं; शक्ति का उपयोग जिम्मेदारी और नैतिक सीमा के साथ जुड़ा होना चाहिए।

18.44

श्रीभगवानुवाच

कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम् । परिचर्यात्मकं कर्म शूद्रस्यापि स्वभावजम् ॥१८.४४॥

Agriculture, animal husbandry and trade are associated with Vaishyas, and service work with Shudras, in this historical classification.

Roman reading

krishigaurakshyavaanijyam vaishyakarma svabhaavajam | paricharyaatmakam karma shoodrasyaapi svabhaavajam ||18.44||kṛṣigaurakṣyavāṇijyaṃ vaiśyakarma svabhāvajam | paricaryātmakaṃ karma śūdrasyāpi svabhāvajam ||18.44||

Explanation

The verse reflects a historical occupational scheme. It should not be turned into a justification for limiting anyone's education, vocation or equal dignity today.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह श्लोक प्राचीन सामाजिक और आर्थिक श्रेणियों का विवरण देता है। इसे आज शिक्षा, रोजगार या समान अधिकारों पर जन्माधारित रोक लगाने के लिए इस्तेमाल नहीं करना चाहिए।

18.45

श्रीभगवानुवाच

स्वे स्वे कर्मण्यभिरतः संसिद्धिं लभते नरः । स्वकर्मनिरतः सिद्धिं यथा विन्दति तच्छृणु ॥१८.४५॥

A person devoted to their own work may attain fulfilment; hear how such dedicated action leads toward perfection.

Roman reading

sve sve karmanyabhiratah samsiddhim labhate narah | svakarmaniratah siddhim yathaa vindati tachchhrinu ||18.45||sve sve karmaṇyabhirataḥ saṃsiddhiṃ labhate naraḥ | svakarmanirataḥ siddhiṃ yathā vindati tacchṛṇu ||18.45||

Explanation

Work and spiritual growth are brought together. Ordinary responsibility can become a vehicle of maturity when undertaken with care and purpose.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ काम को आध्यात्मिक जीवन से अलग नहीं रखा गया। रोजमर्रा की जिम्मेदारी भी सही भावना और गुणवत्ता से जुड़कर साधना का रूप ले सकती है।

18.46

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यतः प्रवृत्तिर्भूतानां येन सर्वमिदं ततम् । स्वकर्मणा तमभ्यर्च्य सिद्धिं विन्दति मानवः ॥१८.४६॥

Through one's work a person may worship the source of all beings, who pervades the world, and thereby approach fulfilment.

Roman reading

yatah pravrittirbhootaanaam yena sarvamidam tatam | svakarmanaa tamabhyarchya siddhim vindati maanavah ||18.46||yataḥ pravṛttirbhūtānāṃ yena sarvamidaṃ tatam | svakarmaṇā tamabhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ ||18.46||

Explanation

Work becomes worship when done as an offering rather than merely a transaction. The divine is approached through responsible participation in life.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

काम को पूजा कहना केवल नारा नहीं; यह उसके प्रति ईमानदारी, उपयोगिता और सेवा की भावना माँगता है। लौकिक कर्म को दिव्य से जोड़ना गीता की बड़ी विशेषता है।

18.47

श्रीभगवानुवाच

श्रेयान्स्वधर्मो विगुणः परधर्मात्स्वनुष्ठितात् । स्वभावनियतं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम् ॥१८.४७॥

One's own duty, even imperfectly performed, is said to be better than another's well performed; action rooted in one's nature does not incur fault in that sense.

Roman reading

shreyaansvadharmo vigunah paradharmaatsvanushthitaat | svabhaavaniyatam karma kurvannaapnoti kilbisham ||18.47||śreyānsvadharmo viguṇaḥ paradharmātsvanuṣṭhitāt | svabhāvaniyataṃ karma kurvannāpnoti kilbiṣam ||18.47||

Explanation

Svadharma raises questions of fit, responsibility and integrity. It should not be weaponized to force a person into an unjust inherited role.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

‘स्वधर्म’ के अर्थ में स्वभाव, स्थिति और उत्तरदायित्व का प्रश्न है। इसे सामाजिक गतिशीलता रोकने या अन्यायपूर्ण भूमिका थोपने की सार्वभौम आज्ञा नहीं बनाना चाहिए।

18.48

श्रीभगवानुवाच

सहजं कर्म कौन्तेय सदोषमपि न त्यजेत् । सर्वारम्भा हि दोषेण धूमेनाग्निरिवावृताः ॥१८.४८॥

Arjuna, do not reject work natural to you merely because it has faults; every undertaking has imperfections, as fire has smoke.

Roman reading

sahajam karma kaunteya sadoshamapi na tyajet | sarvaarambhaa hi doshena dhoomenaagnirivaavritaah ||18.48||sahajaṃ karma kaunteya sadoṣamapi na tyajet | sarvārambhā hi doṣeṇa dhūmenāgnirivāvṛtāḥ ||18.48||

Explanation

Perfectionism can paralyze action. The comparison with smoke does not excuse avoidable injury or unethical conduct.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

संपूर्ण परिस्थितियों की प्रतीक्षा करते रहने से कर्म रुक सकता है। लेकिन यह उपमा गंभीर हानि या अन्याय को सहने का बहाना नहीं है; विवेक अब भी आवश्यक है।

18.49

श्रीभगवानुवाच

असक्तबुद्धिः सर्वत्र जितात्मा विगतस्पृहः । नैष्कर्म्यसिद्धिं परमां संन्यासेनाधिगच्छति ॥१८.४९॥

The self-controlled, unattached person without craving attains through relinquishment the highest perfection of freedom from binding action.

Roman reading

asaktabuddhih sarvatra jitaatmaa vigatasprihah | naishkarmyasiddhim paramaam samnyaasenaadhigachchhati ||18.49||asaktabuddhiḥ sarvatra jitātmā vigataspṛhaḥ | naiṣkarmyasiddhiṃ paramāṃ saṃnyāsenādhigacchati ||18.49||

Explanation

Naishkarmya is freedom from bondage to action, not simple inactivity. Inner detachment transforms one's relationship to work.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

नैष्कर्म्य का अर्थ हाथ-पैर रोक देना नहीं, कर्मबंधन से मुक्ति है। बुद्धि की स्वतंत्रता और इच्छाओं पर विवेक यहाँ निर्णायक हैं।

18.50

Back to contents

श्रीभगवानुवाच

सिद्धिं प्राप्तो यथा ब्रह्म तथाप्नोति निबोध मे । समासेनैव कौन्तेय निष्ठा ज्ञानस्य या परा ॥१८.५०॥

Kaunteya, hear briefly how one who has reached maturity approaches Brahman, the highest fulfilment of knowledge.

Roman reading

siddhim praapto yathaa brahma tathaapnoti nibodha me | samaasenaiva kaunteya nishthaa jnaanasya yaa paraa ||18.50||siddhiṃ prāpto yathā brahma tathāpnoti nibodha me | samāsenaiva kaunteya niṣṭhā jñānasya yā parā ||18.50||

Explanation

The teaching moves from ethical action toward contemplative maturity. The next verses form one connected description rather than isolated techniques.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अध्याय अब आचरण के विवेचन से साधना के भीतरी चरणों की ओर बढ़ता है। अगली पंक्तियाँ एक जुड़े हुए अनुशासन का क्रम प्रस्तुत करती हैं।

18.51

श्रीभगवानुवाच

बुद्ध्या विशुद्धया युक्तो धृत्यात्मानं नियम्य च । शब्दादीन्विषयांस्त्यक्त्वा रागद्वेषौ व्युदस्य च ॥१८.५१॥

With purified understanding and firm self-restraint, one sets aside sensory preoccupations and attraction and aversion.

Roman reading

buddhyaa vishuddhayaa yukto dhrityaatmaanam niyamya cha | shabdaadeenvishayaamstyaktvaa raagadveshau vyudasya cha ||18.51||buddhyā viśuddhayā yukto dhṛtyātmānaṃ niyamya ca | śabdādīnviṣayāṃstyaktvā rāgadveṣau vyudasya ca ||18.51||

Explanation

This begins a sequence continued in the next two verses. The emphasis is on freedom from compulsive attraction and aversion, not hostility to the senses.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह 18.51–18.53 की सतत पंक्ति का पहला भाग है। उद्देश्य संवेदनाओं से घृणा नहीं, उनकी पकड़ से भीतर की स्पष्टता मुक्त करना है।

18.52

श्रीभगवानुवाच

विविक्तसेवी लघ्वाशी यतवाक्कायमानसः । ध्यानयोगपरो नित्यं वैराग्यं समुपाश्रितः ॥१८.५२॥

One seeks quiet, moderation, discipline of speech, body and mind, continuous meditation and dispassion.

Roman reading

viviktasevee laghvaashee yatavaakkaayamaanasah | dhyaanayogaparo nityam vairaagyam samupaashritah ||18.52||viviktasevī laghvāśī yatavākkāyamānasaḥ | dhyānayogaparo nityaṃ vairāgyaṃ samupāśritaḥ ||18.52||

Explanation

This is a contemplative ideal, not a mandate for extreme fasting or isolation. Moderation and sustained attention shape the description.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ संयम का अर्थ अतिशय कठोरता या जोखिमपूर्ण उपवास नहीं है। पूरी श्रृंखला में संतुलन, सजगता और अंतर्मुखता का विकास प्रमुख है।

18.53

श्रीभगवानुवाच

अहंकारं बलं दर्पं कामं क्रोधं परिग्रहम् । विमुच्य निर्ममः शान्तो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते ॥१८.५३॥

Releasing egoism, pride, craving, anger and possessiveness, a peaceful person becomes fit for Brahman-realization.

Roman reading

ahamkaaram balam darpam kaamam krodham parigraham | vimuchya nirmamah shaanto brahmabhooyaaya kalpate ||18.53||ahaṃkāraṃ balaṃ darpaṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ parigraham | vimucya nirmamaḥ śānto brahmabhūyāya kalpate ||18.53||

Explanation

The culmination is an ethical and inward transformation. Nonpossessiveness should not be mistaken for indifference toward others.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

आध्यात्मिक तैयारी का फल किसी चमत्कार से नहीं, व्यक्तित्व में परिवर्तन से पहचाना जाता है। ‘निर्मम’ का अर्थ दूसरों की परवाह छोड़ना नहीं, स्वामित्व के दंभ से मुक्त होना है।

18.54

श्रीभगवानुवाच

ब्रह्मभूतः प्रसन्नात्मा न शोचति न काङ्क्षति । समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु मद्भक्तिं लभते पराम् ॥१८.५४॥

One established in Brahman neither grieves nor craves; seeing all beings equally, such a person attains supreme devotion.

Roman reading

brahmabhootah prasannaatmaa na shochati na kaankshati | samah sarveshu bhooteshu madbhaktim labhate paraam ||18.54||brahmabhūtaḥ prasannātmā na śocati na kāṅkṣati | samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu madbhaktiṃ labhate parām ||18.54||

Explanation

Knowledge and devotion converge. Equanimity is presented not as emotional emptiness but as a ground from which deeper devotion arises.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

ज्ञान और भक्ति यहाँ अलग रास्ते नहीं रह जाते। समता के भीतर भक्ति का उदय दिखाकर कृष्ण अपने शिक्षण के प्रमुख सूत्रों को जोड़ते हैं।

18.55

श्रीभगवानुवाच

भक्त्या मामभिजानाति यावान्यश्चास्मि तत्त्वतः । ततो मां तत्त्वतो ज्ञात्वा विशते तदनन्तरम् ॥१८.५५॥

Through devotion one comes to know me truly, and by knowing me in truth enters into my being.

Roman reading

bhaktyaa maamabhijaanaati yaavaanyashchaasmi tattvatah | tato maam tattvato jnaatvaa vishate tadanantaram ||18.55||bhaktyā māmabhijānāti yāvānyaścāsmi tattvataḥ | tato māṃ tattvato jñātvā viśate tadanantaram ||18.55||

Explanation

Devotion is treated as a mode of true knowing. Schools of Vedānta differ on how literally to understand entering into the divine.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यहाँ भक्ति को केवल भावना नहीं, वास्तविक ज्ञान की राह कहा गया है। ‘प्रवेश’ का दार्शनिक अर्थ विभिन्न वेदांत परंपराओं में अलग समझा जाता है।

18.56

श्रीभगवानुवाच

सर्वकर्माण्यपि सदा कुर्वाणो मद्व्यपाश्रयः । मत्प्रसादादवाप्नोति शाश्वतं पदमव्ययम् ॥१८.५६॥

Even while performing many actions, one who relies on me attains the eternal, imperishable state through my grace.

Roman reading

sarvakarmaanyapi sadaa kurvaano madvyapaashrayah | matprasaadaadavaapnoti shaashvatam padamavyayam ||18.56||sarvakarmāṇyapi sadā kurvāṇo madvyapāśrayaḥ | matprasādādavāpnoti śāśvataṃ padamavyayam ||18.56||

Explanation

Action and refuge are reconciled once more. The teaching refuses to make ordinary work automatically incompatible with liberation.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह कर्म और भक्ति के बीच फिर पुल बनाता है। संसार में सक्रिय रहना आध्यात्मिक प्रगति का विरोध नहीं, यदि नीयत समर्पित और जिम्मेदार हो।

18.57

श्रीभगवानुवाच

चेतसा सर्वकर्माणि मयि संन्यस्य मत्परः । बुद्धियोगमुपाश्रित्य मच्चित्तः सततं भव ॥१८.५७॥

Mentally dedicate every action to me, make me your highest end, rely on discerning yoga and remain mindful of me.

Roman reading

chetasaa sarvakarmaani mayi samnyasya matparah | buddhiyogamupaashritya machchittah satatam bhava ||18.57||cetasā sarvakarmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya matparaḥ | buddhiyogamupāśritya maccittaḥ satataṃ bhava ||18.57||

Explanation

Offering actions is an inward redirection of purpose. Discernment remains essential; surrender does not remove the need to think.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कर्मार्पण बाहरी जिम्मेदारियों का त्याग नहीं है। यह मन में दिशा बदलने की साधना है, जिससे प्रयास को अहंकार और लालसा पूरी तरह न घेरें।

18.58

श्रीभगवानुवाच

मच्चित्तः सर्वदुर्गाणि मत्प्रसादात्तरिष्यसि । अथ चेत्त्वमहंकारान्न श्रोष्यसि विनङ्क्ष्यसि ॥१८.५८॥

With your mind on me, you will pass through difficulties by my grace; if ego prevents you from listening, you risk ruin.

Roman reading

machchittah sarvadurgaani matprasaadaattarishyasi | atha chettvamahamkaaraanna shroshyasi vinankshyasi ||18.58||maccittaḥ sarvadurgāṇi matprasādāttariṣyasi | atha cettvamahaṃkārānna śroṣyasi vinaṅkṣyasi ||18.58||

Explanation

The warning addresses Arjuna's resistance within this dialogue. It is not a general warrant for coercive religious authority.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह चेतावनी उस अहंकार के प्रसंग में है जो अर्जुन को स्पष्ट निर्णय से रोक रहा है। इसे भय पैदा करके किसी व्यक्ति से अंध आज्ञापालन कराने की पद्धति नहीं बनाना चाहिए।

18.59

श्रीभगवानुवाच

यदहंकारमाश्रित्य न योत्स्य इति मन्यसे । मिथ्यैष व्यवसायस्ते प्रकृतिस्त्वां नियोक्ष्यति ॥१८.५९॥

If pride makes you resolve, 'I will not fight,' that resolve is mistaken; your nature will impel you to act.

Roman reading

yadahamkaaramaashritya na yotsya iti manyase | mithyaisha vyavasaayaste prakritistvaam niyokshyati ||18.59||yadahaṃkāramāśritya na yotsya iti manyase | mithyaiṣa vyavasāyaste prakṛtistvāṃ niyokṣyati ||18.59||

Explanation

The statement is addressed to Arjuna's particular battlefield role. It must not be generalized into permission for aggression.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कृष्ण अर्जुन की योद्धा भूमिका और पहले से बने स्वभाव की चर्चा कर रहे हैं। यहाँ के युद्धसंदर्भ को सामान्य हिंसा की स्वीकृति के रूप में नहीं फैलाना चाहिए।

18.60

Back to contents

श्रीभगवानुवाच

स्वभावजेन कौन्तेय निबद्धः स्वेन कर्मणा । कर्तुं नेच्छसि यन्मोहात्करिष्यस्यवशोऽपि तत् ॥१८.६०॥

Bound by tendencies born of your nature, Arjuna, you may do what you now resist through confusion.

Roman reading

svabhaavajena kaunteya nibaddhah svena karmanaa | kartum nechchhasi yanmohaatkarishyasyavasho’pi tat ||18.60||svabhāvajena kaunteya nibaddhaḥ svena karmaṇā | kartuṃ necchasi yanmohātkariṣyasyavaśo’pi tat ||18.60||

Explanation

The force of habitual nature is stressed here, but it does not erase the explicit invitation to deliberate in verse 18.63.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह मानव स्वभाव और परिस्थितिजन्य प्रवृत्तियों के प्रभाव पर कठोर कथन है। फिर भी 18.63 में कृष्ण विचार करके निर्णय करने का स्पष्ट स्थान देते हैं।

18.61

श्रीभगवानुवाच

ईश्वरः सर्वभूतानां हृद्देशेऽर्जुन तिष्ठति । भ्रामयन्सर्वभूतानि यन्त्रारूढानि मायया ॥१८.६१॥

The Lord dwells in the hearts of all beings and, through māyā, moves them as though mounted upon a mechanism.

Roman reading

eeshvarah sarvabhootaanaam hriddeshe’rjuna tishthati | bhraamayansarvabhootaani yantraaroodhaani maayayaa ||18.61||īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ hṛddeśe’rjuna tiṣṭhati | bhrāmayansarvabhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā ||18.61||

Explanation

The machine image is metaphorical and philosophically difficult. It should be read alongside the chapter's repeated calls for discernment and responsibility.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

‘यन्त्रारूढ’ एक उपमा है जो ईश्वर, प्रकृति और जीव के संबंध का कठिन प्रश्न उठाती है। इसे मनुष्यों की जिम्मेदारी या स्वतंत्र विचार का सीधा निषेध समझना जल्दबाज़ी होगी।

18.62

श्रीभगवानुवाच

तमेव शरणं गच्छ सर्वभावेन भारत । तत्प्रसादात्परां शान्तिं स्थानं प्राप्स्यसि शाश्वतम् ॥१८.६२॥

Take refuge in that supreme Lord wholeheartedly; through divine grace you will attain deep peace and the eternal abode.

Roman reading

tameva sharanam gachchha sarvabhaavena bhaarata | tatprasaadaatparaam shaantim sthaanam praapsyasi shaashvatam ||18.62||tameva śaraṇaṃ gaccha sarvabhāvena bhārata | tatprasādātparāṃ śāntiṃ sthānaṃ prāpsyasi śāśvatam ||18.62||

Explanation

Surrender is portrayed as a path toward peace rather than mere submission to force. Grace joins human effort in the devotional vision.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

शरणागति यहाँ विश्वास और दिशा का शिखर है। यह संबंध भय के बजाय आश्वासन और आंतरिक शांति के आधार पर प्रस्तुत होता है।

18.63

श्रीभगवानुवाच

इति ते ज्ञानमाख्यातं गुह्याद्गुह्यतरं मया । विमृश्यैतदशेषेण यथेच्छसि तथा कुरु ॥१८.६३॥

I have explained profound knowledge; reflect on it completely and then act according to your choice.

Roman reading

iti te jnaanamaakhyaatam guhyaadguhyataram mayaa | vimrishyaitadasheshena yathechchhasi tathaa kuru ||18.63||iti te jñānamākhyātaṃ guhyādguhyataraṃ mayā | vimṛśyaitadaśeṣeṇa yathecchasi tathā kuru ||18.63||

Explanation

After a long teaching, Krishna explicitly returns the decision to Arjuna. Spiritual instruction culminates here in reflection and responsible choice.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह गीता का निर्णायक वाक्य है। इतने विस्तृत उपदेश के बाद भी कृष्ण अर्जुन की विचारशक्ति को निरस्त नहीं करते; निर्णय का उत्तरदायित्व उसी के पास रहता है।

18.64

श्रीभगवानुवाच

सर्वगुह्यतमं भूयः शृणु मे परमं वचः । इष्टोऽसि मे दृढमिति ततो वक्ष्यामि ते हितम् ॥१८.६४॥

Hear once more my most confidential teaching; because you are dear to me, I will speak for your good.

Roman reading

sarvaguhyatamam bhooyah shrinu me paramam vachah | ishto’si me dridhamiti tato vakshyaami te hitam ||18.64||sarvaguhyatamaṃ bhūyaḥ śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ | iṣṭo’si me dṛḍhamiti tato vakṣyāmi te hitam ||18.64||

Explanation

The final teaching is framed in affection. Its force comes from a relationship of trust, not merely from metaphysical argument.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अंतिम उपदेश की भाषा गुरु और शिष्य के बीच विश्वास को प्रकट करती है। आगे की शरणागति के वाक्यों को इसी आत्मीय संदर्भ में पढ़ना चाहिए।

18.65

श्रीभगवानुवाच

मन्मना भव मद्भक्तो मद्याजी मां नमस्कुरु । मामेवैष्यसि सत्यं ते प्रतिजाने प्रियोऽसि मे ॥१८.६५॥

Keep your mind on me, be devoted to me, worship and bow to me; you shall reach me—this is my promise, for you are dear.

Roman reading

manmanaa bhava madbhakto madyaajee maam namaskuru | maamevaishyasi satyam te pratijaane priyo’si me ||18.65||manmanā bhava madbhakto madyājī māṃ namaskuru | māmevaiṣyasi satyaṃ te pratijāne priyo’si me ||18.65||

Explanation

Devotion gathers remembrance, worship and loyalty into one orientation. The promise is a theological claim understood within traditions of bhakti.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

भक्ति यहाँ स्मरण, भावना, पूजा और आचरण को जोड़ती है। वचन का आश्वासन भक्तिपरक परंपरा का केंद्रीय भाव है और विभिन्न मत इसे अलग तरह से समझते हैं।

18.66

श्रीभगवानुवाच

सर्वधर्मान्परित्यज्य मामेकं शरणं व्रज । अहं त्वां सर्वपापेभ्यो मोक्षयिष्यामि मा शुचः ॥१८.६६॥

Relinquish all dharmas and take refuge in me alone; I shall free you from every sin—do not grieve.

Roman reading

sarvadharmaanparityajya maamekam sharanam vraja | aham tvaam sarvapaapebhyo mokshayishyaami maa shuchah ||18.66||sarvadharmānparityajya māmekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja | ahaṃ tvāṃ sarvapāpebhyo mokṣayiṣyāmi mā śucaḥ ||18.66||

Explanation

This famous verse has diverse theological interpretations. Surrender here should not be treated as permission to abandon ethics or evade responsibility to others.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

‘सर्वधर्मान्’ की व्याख्या परंपराओं में अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण और विवादपूर्ण है। इसे नीतिहीनता, सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व त्यागने या अन्याय की छूट का सीधा आदेश नहीं समझना चाहिए।

18.67

श्रीभगवानुवाच

इदं ते नातपस्काय नाभक्ताय कदाचन । न चाशुश्रूषवे वाच्यं न च मां योऽभ्यसूयति ॥१८.६७॥

Do not convey this teaching to those without discipline or devotion, who refuse to listen or approach it only with hostility.

Roman reading

idam te naatapaskaaya naabhaktaaya kadaachana | na chaashushrooshave vaachyam na cha maam yo’bhyasooyati ||18.67||idaṃ te nātapaskāya nābhaktāya kadācana | na cāśuśrūṣave vācyaṃ na ca māṃ yo’bhyasūyati ||18.67||

Explanation

The verse concerns receptivity in a teacher-student setting. It need not be read as a ban on sincere questions or responsible public scholarship.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह शिक्षा के ग्रहणशील वातावरण का पारंपरिक निर्देश है। आधुनिक सार्वजनिक अध्ययन में इसे प्रश्न पूछने वालों को चुप कराने या ज्ञान को मनमाने ढंग से रोकने का आधार नहीं बनाना चाहिए।

18.68

श्रीभगवानुवाच

य इदं परमं गुह्यं मद्भक्तेष्वभिधास्यति । भक्तिं मयि परां कृत्वा मामेवैष्यत्यसंशयः ॥१८.६८॥

One who lovingly teaches this profound message among devotees will certainly come to me.

Roman reading

ya idam paramam guhyam madbhakteshvabhidhaasyati | bhaktim mayi paraam kritvaa maamevaishyatyasamshayah ||18.68||ya idaṃ paramaṃ guhyaṃ madbhakteṣvabhidhāsyati | bhaktiṃ mayi parāṃ kṛtvā māmevaiṣyatyasaṃśayaḥ ||18.68||

Explanation

Transmission of wisdom carries an ethical responsibility. Accurate, contextual teaching matters as much as enthusiasm for sharing it.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

गीता का प्रसार केवल शब्दों का उच्चारण नहीं, जिम्मेदार समझ साझा करना है। इसलिए संदर्भ, स्पष्टता और किसी दूसरे के विश्वास का सम्मान भी महत्वपूर्ण हैं।

18.69

श्रीभगवानुवाच

न च तस्मान्मनुष्येषु कश्चिन्मे प्रियकृत्तमः । भविता न च मे तस्मादन्यः प्रियतरो भुवि ॥१८.६९॥

Among human beings none does a service dearer to me than the one who shares this teaching faithfully.

Roman reading

na cha tasmaanmanushyeshu kashchinme priyakrittamah | bhavitaa na cha me tasmaadanyah priyataro bhuvi ||18.69||na ca tasmānmanuṣyeṣu kaścinme priyakṛttamaḥ | bhavitā na ca me tasmādanyaḥ priyataro bhuvi ||18.69||

Explanation

The praise is connected to faithful teaching, not to fame or control. A teacher's care for listeners is part of the work.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह पिछले श्लोक की प्रशंसा को आगे बढ़ाता है। शिक्षण का मूल्य तभी टिकाऊ है जब वह संवेदनशील, ईमानदार और बिना छल के हो।

18.70

Back to contents

श्रीभगवानुवाच

अध्येष्यते च य इमं धर्म्यं संवादमावयोः । ज्ञानयज्ञेन तेनाहमिष्टः स्यामिति मे मतिः ॥१८.७०॥

Whoever studies our dharmic dialogue worships me through the offering of knowledge—such is my view.

Roman reading

adhyeshyate cha ya imam dharmyam samvaadamaavayoh | jnaanayajnena tenaahamishtah syaamiti me matih ||18.70||adhyeṣyate ca ya imaṃ dharmyaṃ saṃvādamāvayoḥ | jñānayajñena tenāhamiṣṭaḥ syāmiti me matiḥ ||18.70||

Explanation

Study itself becomes a kind of yajña. Thoughtful reading and reflection are recognized as meaningful spiritual engagement.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह अध्ययन को भी साधना मानता है। ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ना, प्रश्न करना और अर्थ पर मनन करना केवल सूचना ग्रहण करने से अधिक है।

18.71

श्रीभगवानुवाच

श्रद्धावाननसूयश्च शृणुयादपि यो नरः । सोऽपि मुक्तः शुभाँल्लोकान्प्राप्नुयात्पुण्यकर्मणाम् ॥१८.७१॥

Even one who listens to this dialogue faithfully and without malice is promised an auspicious spiritual result.

Roman reading

shraddhaavaananasooyashcha shrinuyaadapi yo narah | so’pi muktah shubhaam̐llokaanpraapnuyaatpunyakarmanaam ||18.71||śraddhāvānanasūyaśca śṛṇuyādapi yo naraḥ | so’pi muktaḥ śubhām̐llokānprāpnuyātpuṇyakarmaṇām ||18.71||

Explanation

Listening receives a place beside formal study. The promise of auspicious worlds belongs to the text's traditional religious worldview.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

गीता श्रवण और अध्ययन दोनों को मूल्य देती है। यहाँ वर्णित लोक और पुण्य पारंपरिक धार्मिक विश्वासों का हिस्सा हैं, प्रत्यक्ष वैज्ञानिक दावा नहीं।

18.72

श्रीभगवानुवाच

कच्चिदेतच्छ्रुतं पार्थ त्वयैकाग्रेण चेतसा । कच्चिदज्ञानसम्मोहः प्रनष्टस्ते धनञ्जय ॥१८.७२॥

Arjuna, have you listened with attention? Has the confusion arising from ignorance now been dispelled?

Roman reading

kachchidetachchhrutam paartha tvayaikaagrena chetasaa | kachchidajnaanasammohah pranashtaste dhananjaya ||18.72||kaccidetacchrutaṃ pārtha tvayaikāgreṇa cetasā | kaccidajñānasammohaḥ pranaṣṭaste dhanañjaya ||18.72||

Explanation

Krishna checks whether understanding has actually taken root. The question makes space for Arjuna to speak in his own voice.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

कृष्ण ज्ञान का आकलन शिष्य के भीतर हुए परिवर्तन से करते हैं। संवाद के अंत में यह प्रश्न आगे अर्जुन के स्वतंत्र उत्तर का अवसर बनाता है।

18.73

अर्जुन उवाच

नष्टो मोहः स्मृतिर्लब्धा त्वत्प्रसादान्मयाच्युत । स्थितोऽस्मि गतसन्देहः करिष्ये वचनं तव ॥१८.७३॥

Arjuna replies: My confusion is gone, memory restored and doubt dispelled by your grace; I will act in accordance with your word.

Roman reading

nashto mohah smritirlabdhaa tvatprasaadaanmayaachyuta | sthito’smi gatasandehah karishye vachanam tava ||18.73||naṣṭo mohaḥ smṛtirlabdhā tvatprasādānmayācyuta | sthito’smi gatasandehaḥ kariṣye vacanaṃ tava ||18.73||

Explanation

The transformation is from paralysis to resolved action. Arjuna speaks after reflection, not as someone whose moral agency has disappeared.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अर्जुन का उत्तर केवल आज्ञापालन नहीं, समझ की पुनःप्राप्ति बताता है। शुरुआत की असमर्थता अब विचारपूर्ण कर्म के संकल्प में बदलती है।

18.74

सञ्जय उवाच

इत्यहं वासुदेवस्य पार्थस्य च महात्मनः । संवादमिममश्रौषमद्भुतं रोमहर्षणम् ॥१८.७४॥

Sanjaya says: I heard this wonderful and stirring dialogue between Vāsudeva and the noble Arjuna.

Roman reading

ityaham vaasudevasya paarthasya cha mahaatmanah | samvaadamimamashraushamadbhutam romaharshanam ||18.74||ityahaṃ vāsudevasya pārthasya ca mahātmanaḥ | saṃvādamimamaśrauṣamadbhutaṃ romaharṣaṇam ||18.74||

Explanation

The narrative frame returns through Sanjaya. The Gita is embedded in a larger account addressed to the blind king Dhritarashtra.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

अब कथावाचक का स्वर लौटता है। गीता केवल अर्जुन-कृष्ण संवाद नहीं; वह धृतराष्ट्र को सुनाए जा रहे युद्ध-वृत्तांत का भी हिस्सा है।

18.75

सञ्जय उवाच

व्यासप्रसादाच्छ्रुतवानेतद्गुह्यमहं परम् । योगं योगेश्वरात्कृष्णात्साक्षात्कथयतः स्वयम् ॥१८.७५॥

Through Vyāsa's grace I heard this profound yoga as Krishna, Lord of Yoga, spoke it directly.

Roman reading

vyaasaprasaadaachchhrutavaanetadguhyamaham param | yogam yogeshvaraatkrishnaatsaakshaatkathayatah svayam ||18.75||vyāsaprasādācchrutavānetadguhyamahaṃ param | yogaṃ yogeśvarātkṛṣṇātsākṣātkathayataḥ svayam ||18.75||

Explanation

Sanjaya attributes his privileged hearing to Vyāsa's grace. It is part of the epic's own narrative and spiritual framework.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

संजय अपनी असाधारण श्रवण-दृष्टि का स्रोत व्यास की कृपा बताते हैं। यह कथा की आंतरिक धार्मिक संरचना है, जिसे उसी रूप में पहचानना चाहिए।

18.76

सञ्जय उवाच

राजन्संस्मृत्य संस्मृत्य संवादमिममद्भुतम् । केशवार्जुनयोः पुण्यं हृष्यामि च मुहुर्मुहुः ॥१८.७६॥

O king, remembering again and again the sacred dialogue of Krishna and Arjuna fills me repeatedly with joy.

Roman reading

raajansamsmritya samsmritya samvaadamimamadbhutam | keshavaarjunayoh punyam hrishyaami cha muhurmuhuh ||18.76||rājansaṃsmṛtya saṃsmṛtya saṃvādamimamadbhutam | keśavārjunayoḥ puṇyaṃ hṛṣyāmi ca muhurmuhuḥ ||18.76||

Explanation

Recollection becomes more than memory; it renews the significance of the dialogue. Sanjaya models attentive appreciation of what he heard.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

बार-बार स्मरण ज्ञान को जीवित अनुभव बना देता है। कथा के भीतर संजय का उत्साह श्रोता को भी विमर्श और मनन के लिए आमंत्रित करता है।

18.77

सञ्जय उवाच

तच्च संस्मृत्य संस्मृत्य रूपमत्यद्भुतं हरेः । विस्मयो मे महान्राजन्हृष्यामि च पुनः पुनः ॥१८.७७॥

O king, as I recall Hari's astonishing form, wonder and joy rise in me again and again.

Roman reading

tachcha samsmritya samsmritya roopamatyadbhutam hareh | vismayo me mahaanraajanhrishyaami cha punah punah ||18.77||tacca saṃsmṛtya saṃsmṛtya rūpamatyadbhutaṃ hareḥ | vismayo me mahānrājanhṛṣyāmi ca punaḥ punaḥ ||18.77||

Explanation

The recollection points back to the universal form of chapter 11. The ending unites philosophical teaching with wonder and devotion.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

यह स्मरण अध्याय 11 के विश्वरूपदर्शन से जुड़ता है। गीता के अंतिम क्षणों में ज्ञान, भक्ति और विस्मय एक साथ उपस्थित हैं।

18.78

Back to contents

सञ्जय उवाच

यत्र योगेश्वरः कृष्णो यत्र पार्थो धनुर्धरः । तत्र श्रीर्विजयो भूतिर्ध्रुवा नीतिर्मतिर्मम ॥१८.७८॥

Where Krishna, Lord of Yoga, and Arjuna, bearer of the bow, stand together, there are prosperity, victory, flourishing and steadfast right policy—so I believe.

Roman reading

yatra yogeshvarah krishno yatra paartho dhanurdharah | tatra shreervijayo bhootirdhruvaa neetirmatirmama ||18.78||yatra yogeśvaraḥ kṛṣṇo yatra pārtho dhanurdharaḥ | tatra śrīrvijayo bhūtirdhruvā nītirmatirmama ||18.78||

Explanation

The final line joins insight with decisive action. Its promise of victory belongs to Sanjaya's epic context, not to an automatic guarantee of success in every undertaking.

Other languages and readings

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

समापन में विवेकपूर्ण मार्गदर्शन और सक्रिय कर्म का संगम दिखाई देता है। ‘विजय’ को हर संघर्ष में निश्चित सांसारिक सफलता के दावे की तरह नहीं, महाकाव्य के संदर्भ में पढ़ना चाहिए।

About this edition · Sources & references

Bhagavad Gita · ASS45 (1901) · Initial editorial V1

This is an educational edition; independent textual and specialist review remains incomplete.

Original text, translations and explanations remain separate readings. Shared passages appear once with their complete references.

18.1 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.1 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.1 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.1 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.1 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.2 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.2 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.2 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.2 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.2 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.3 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.3 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.3 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.3 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.3 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.4 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.4 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.4 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.4 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.4 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.5 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.5 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.5 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.5 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.5 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.6 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.6 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.6 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.6 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.6 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.7 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.7 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.7 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.7 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.7 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.8 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.8 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.8 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.8 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.8 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.9 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.9 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.9 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.9 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.9 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.10 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.10 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.10 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.10 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.10 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.11 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.11 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.11 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.11 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.11 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.12 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.12 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.12 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.12 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.12 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.13 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.13 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.13 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.13 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.13 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.14 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.14 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.14 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.14 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.14 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.15 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.15 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.15 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.15 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.15 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.16 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.16 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.16 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.16 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.16 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.17 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.17 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.17 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.17 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.17 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.18 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.18 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.18 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.18 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.18 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.19 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.19 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.19 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.19 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.19 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.20 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.20 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.20 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.20 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.20 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.21 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.21 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.21 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.21 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.21 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.22 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.22 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.22 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.22 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.22 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.23 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.23 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.23 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.23 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.23 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.24 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.24 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.24 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.24 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.24 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.25 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.25 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.25 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.25 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.25 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.26 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.26 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.26 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.26 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.26 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.27 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.27 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.27 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.27 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.27 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.28 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.28 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.28 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.28 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.28 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.29 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.29 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.29 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.29 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.29 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.30 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.30 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.30 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.30 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.30 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.31 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.31 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.31 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.31 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.31 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.32 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.32 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.32 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.32 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.32 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.33 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.33 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.33 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.33 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.33 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.34 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.34 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.34 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.34 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.34 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.35 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.35 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.35 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.35 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.35 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.36 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.36 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.36 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.36 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.36 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.37 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.37 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.37 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.37 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.37 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.38 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.38 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.38 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.38 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.38 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.39 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.39 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.39 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.39 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.39 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.40 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.40 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.40 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.40 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.40 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.41 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.41 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.41 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.41 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.41 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.42 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.42 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.42 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.42 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.42 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.43 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.43 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.43 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.43 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.43 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.44 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.44 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.44 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.44 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.44 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.45 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.45 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.45 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.45 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.45 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.46 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.46 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.46 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.46 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.46 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.47 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.47 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.47 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.47 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.47 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.48 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.48 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.48 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.48 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.48 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.49 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.49 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.49 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.49 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.49 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.50 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.50 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.50 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.50 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.50 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.51 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.51 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.51 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.51 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.51 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.52 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.52 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.52 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.52 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.52 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.53 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.53 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.53 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.53 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.53 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.54 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.54 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.54 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.54 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.54 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.55 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.55 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.55 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.55 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.55 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.56 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.56 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.56 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.56 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.56 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.57 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.57 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.57 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.57 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.57 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.58 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.58 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.58 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.58 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.58 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.59 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.59 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.59 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.59 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.59 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.60 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.60 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.60 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.60 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.60 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.61 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.61 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.61 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.61 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.61 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.62 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.62 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.62 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.62 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.62 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.63 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.63 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.63 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.63 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.63 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.64 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.64 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.64 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.64 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.64 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.65 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.65 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.65 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.65 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.65 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.66 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.66 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.66 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.66 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.66 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.67 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.67 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.67 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.67 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.67 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.68 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.68 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.68 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.68 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.68 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.69 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.69 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.69 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.69 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.69 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.70 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.70 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.70 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.70 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.70 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.71 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.71 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.71 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.71 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.71 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.72 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.72 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.72 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.72 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.72 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.73 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.73 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.73 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.73 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.73 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.74 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.74 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.74 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.74 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.74 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.75 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.75 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.75 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.75 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.75 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.76 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.76 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.76 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.76 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.76 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.77 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.77 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.77 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.77 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.77 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.78 — Original / source text
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.78 — ShivGoraksh Hindi Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.78 — ShivGoraksh English Translation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.78 — ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization
18.78 — ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation
ASS45 (1901)
Supplied chapter/verse numbering; no harmonization

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation

Original / source text

ShivGoraksh English Translation

ShivGoraksh Simple English Explanation

ShivGoraksh Simple Hindi Explanation