A Shiva linga is a sacred sign or emblem through which Shiva is worshipped, commonly appearing as a smooth upright form set in a base. In many Shaiva interpretations it expresses Shiva’s presence beyond a humanlike image, while other teachings emphasize creative or generative power. Historical objects show both largely aniconic lingas and mukhalingas bearing one or more faces of Shiva.
The Sanskrit term liṅga can mean ‘mark’ or ‘sign’; the history and symbolism of actual worship forms are richer than a single dictionary gloss. Some historical lingas also have phallic associations, but defining every linga solely in sexual terms omits major theological, devotional and artistic understandings. The exact meanings attached to a particular shrine or text should be identified rather than assumed to be universal.