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What does “scripture” mean across Hindu traditions?

हिन्दी

In Hindu traditions, “scripture” is a broad English label for religious works that communities study, recite, interpret or treat as authoritative. It may include Vedic texts, Upanishads, epics, Puranas, Agamas, Tantras and devotional literature. Sanskrit terms such as śāstra (a teaching or authoritative treatise) and dharma-grantha (religious text) do not map perfectly onto a single English category.

Not every Hindu tradition gives every work the same authority. A Shaiva lineage might look to particular Agamas, a Shakta community to the Devi Mahatmyam (Durga Saptashati), and a Vedanta school to certain Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. A text can be sacred to a community without being regarded by everyone as universally binding. The useful starting questions are which text, which tradition and for which purpose—philosophy, narrative, worship or teaching.

References & Sources

These references accompany the original answer. Independent source and specialist verification remain incomplete.

  1. Vedas and Hindu textual traditions — reference summary
  2. Veda
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